地方政府环境治理中的“摆平策略”出路

The Way Out For the "Balance Strategy" in Environmental Governance for Local Government

基于原有地方政府消极应对原则下的"摆平策略"治理模式,对日益严重的环境污染并不能实现有效治理,亟待寻求新的治理模式转变。"河长制"正是基于这一逻辑而形成的一种制度创新,并在部分省市实现良好的治理绩效。通过分析现今地方政府环境治理中频频选择"摆平策略"的行为诱因,指出外部环境的中央统辖权和地方自治权的矛盾及社会压力与政府维稳的矛盾,与自身内部主观态度、治理目标和行为模式的偏差是促成政府无作为的逻辑起点,并以"河长制"为例,通过构建"基层政府治理模式四象限模型",创造性地提出从近期"管控型政府"向远期"治理型政府"的转变,建立"一河一策、地方包干"的长效治理机制,从而实现环境的善治。

Because the local government reacted negatively to the principles of the governance model for the ＂ Balance Strategy＂ originally,the growing problem of environmental pollution can＇t be governed effectively, and is in immediate need for new governancemodel change. The River-Chief Mechanism is the innovation of the system created based on this logic, and has achieved favorable governance performance in some provinces and cities. With the analysis of incentives for the behavior that local government frequentlychooses the ＇Balance Strategy＇ for environmental governance nowadays, it indicates that conflicts between the jurisdiction of the centralgovernment and the local autonomy as well as conflicts between the social pressure and the government stability from externalities, together with the deviations in attitude, governance objective, and behavioral pattern from internalities are the logical starting points thatcontribute to government inactions. Taking the ＇River-Chief Mechanism＇ as an example and building ＇Grass-roots Government Governance Model＇s Four Quadrants Model＇, it creatively puts forward the change from recent ＂ controlling-type government＂ to ＂ governance-type government＂ in the future, establishing the long-term and effective management system of ＂One River One Strategy, Local Responsibilities＂ , in order to realize the proper governance for the environment.