海事科技文献翻译中的汉语负迁移现象

Negative Transfer of Chinese in Maritime Technical Literature Translation

本文以国际海事组织示范课程等海事科技文献的英文翻译为例,阐述科技文献翻译中的汉语负迁移现象,即受汉语影响出现的不地道、不符合目的语表达习惯的译文。通过对翻译实例的分析,本文从词汇、句法和文体的角度提出因受制于汉语而产生的语言问题。汉语负迁移在词汇层面表现为对词汇内涵把握不清、词汇搭配不当;在句法层面,主要表现为忽略由汉语"形合"向英语"意合"转变和生硬套用汉语原句主语;在文体层面,主要表现为忽略科技文体作为正式文体惯用被动语态和名词化结构等特征。作者希望科技文献的翻译人员注意汉语负迁移对翻译的影响,以期对同类文献的翻译有所启发。

Taking the translation of Model Courses ofInternational Maritime Organization as an example,thispaper elaborates the phenomenon of Chinese negativetransfer in translation of maritime technical literature.Through the analysis of the translation examples ofModel Courses,language problems caused by habits of Chinese expression are put forward from the perspectivesof lexicon,syntax and style.Regarding to lexicon,thenegative transfer is characterized by misinterpretationof lexical connotation and inappropriate collocation.As to syntax,the main problems are ignorance of thetransformation of Chinese hypotaxis into Englishparataxis and mechanical application of the subject oforiginal Chinese sentences.With regard to style,theusage of passive voice and nominalization structure aswell as the application of formal style are often neglected.