论人大重大事项决定权的规范内涵及制度完善

Connotations of Normativeness and System Improvement of Decisive Power of the National People's Congress on Vital Items

通过对人大重大事项决定权实践运行的类型化分析可以发现,全国人大常委会积极履行宪法赋予的重大事项决定权,自主作出了大量关涉人民根本利益、改革发展大局的重大决定。相比之下,省级人大常委会在运用重大事项决定权方面不够理想,除完成一些法定的例行性决定外,自主作出重大事项的决定较少。究其原因,既与重大事项决定权的概念不明晰,人大理论研究和制度实践中对此出现不同甚至对立的声音有关,又与较长时期以来重大事项决定权的政策基础不足有关,需要给予明晰和补强。党的十八大以来,中央高度重视支持和保障地方人大重大事项决定权的充分履行,实践效果十分明显。为更好的发挥这一制度的作用,需要认真理顺和协调人大重大事项决定权与党委决策权、政府决定权的关系,而符合实际且可行的解决路径是建立起"党的全面领导下的‘党委建议—人大议决—政府施行—人大监督’"模式。

According to the categorized analysis to the practical operation of the decisive power of the National People's Congress on vital items,it is found that the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress has actively fulfilled the decisive power on vital items conferred by constitution,and has also made many major decisions independently in relation to the fundamental interests of the people and the situation of reform and development.In contrast,the Standing Committee of the Provincial People's Progress has done less than ideal in practicing the decisive power on vital items.With the exception of completing some legal routine decisions,it has made less decisions independently on vital items.The reasons vary.On the one hand,the concept of decisive power on vital items is ambiguous,as different or even opposite opinions arise in the theoretical study and the system practice of the National People's Congress.On the other hand,the policy basis of the decisive power on vital items is insufficient for a rather long time and should be made clear and complete.Since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the Central Committee pays high attention to support and guarantee the adequate fulfillment of the decisive power of local National People's Congress on vital items and has achieved obvious effect.In order to better apply the system,the relations between the decisive power of the National People's Congress on vital items,the decisive power of the Party committee and the decisive power of the government should be straightened out and kept in balance.Meanwhile,apractical and feasible solution should be established under the overall leadership of the Party,i.e.,the"proposal of the Party Committee——decision of the People's Congress——practice of the government——supervisor of the People's Congress"mode.