环境规制、地方政府竞争与劳动力需求溢出

Environmental Regulation, Local Government Competition and Labor Demand Spillover

地区间的环境规制差异和相互竞争是我国环境规制政策实施的重要特征。本文在对环境规制竞争及其劳动力需求溢出逻辑进行梳理的基础上,运用空间杜宾模型实证考察了省际环境规制竞争对污染密集型行业劳动力需求溢出的影响。实证结果表明,省际间存在显著的一致性环境规制竞争特征,邻近地区一致性的环境规制竞争策略会在整体上对本地区污染密集型行业的劳动力需求产生负向的空间溢出效应。进一步考察不同环境规制方式的异质性发现,邻近地区的"事后"规制和"事中"规制并不会产生显著的负向劳动力需求溢出,而"门槛"型的"事前"规制才会产生显著的负向劳动力需求溢出。很多地区在面临环境规制与劳动力需求的矛盾抉择时,必须考虑和防范污染密集型行业重新选址和企业邻近迁移可能产生的污染风险。

The differences of environmental regulationsand mutual competition among regions are the important features of environmental regulation policies in China.On the basis of combing the logic of competition of environmental regulation and the spillover of labor demand,this paper empirically examines the impact of provincial environmental regulation competition on the spillover of labor demand in the pollution-intensive industries by using spatial Durbin model.Empirical results show that there are significant characteristics of consistent environmental regulation competition among different provinces, and as a whole, the consistent environmental regulation competition strategy in the neighborhood will have a negative spatial spillover effect on the labor demand of the pollution-intensive industries in the local.Further examining the heterogeneity of different environmental regulation approaches,it has been found that "ex post" regulation and process regulation in neighboring areas will not result in significant negative labor demand spillovers, but the "threshold" type of "ex ante" regulation will have a significant negative labor demand spillover.When many areas face the choices of the contradiction between environmental regulation and labor demand, it is necessary to consider and precaution the risk of environmental pollution caused by the re-siting of pollution-intensive industries and adjacent migration of enterprises.