掠夺性定价认定中意图标准完善研究

The Research on the Intention Standard of Predatory Pricing

商业竞争中的低价经营行为性质,关涉到反垄断法视域下的掠夺性定价行为认定。从掠夺性定价的定义明确开始,制定符合这一定义的规则,似乎合乎逻辑。美国最高法院的决定在布鲁克集团有限公司诉布朗与威廉姆森烟草公司案件时明确了掠夺性定价的标准,掠夺性定价要求必须满足两个前提条件:价格低于成本且可行、"掠夺者"可以收回最初持续的定价低于成本的损失。后来美国最高法院认为应当增加第三项要求,即掠夺性的意图。并以此为契机,对域外国家掠夺性定价的意图标准进行了分析,以证成意图标准对于掠夺性定价认定的必要性。

The nature of the low-cost business activities in commercial competition relates to the predatory pricing behavior under the anti-monopoly law. From the clear definition of predatory pricing,it seems logical to formulate rules that meet this definition. The decision of the US Supreme Court set the standard for predatory pricing in the case of Brock Holdings Ltd. v. Brown and Williamson Tobacco. Predatory pricing requirements must satisfy two preconditions: price is below cost and viable,"predator"can recover the loss initially sustained below the cost of pricing.Later,the United States Supreme Court held that the third requirement should be added,that is,predatory intent.This article takes this as an opportunity to analyze the intention standards of predatory pricing in extraterritorial countries in order to prove the necessity of the intention standards for the predatory pricing determination.