美国国防核废物的^(137)Cs预处理技术

Pretreatment Technology for ^(137)Cs of US Defense Nuclear Wastes

以^(137)Cs去除为例,重点介绍了美国能源部在国防放射性废物上开发和使用的包括沉淀法、选择性溶解法、结晶法、离子交换法和溶剂萃取在内的预处理技术。通过分析其优劣,得出今后的研发方向为:绿色、高效、二次废物量低、能耗低、药剂耗量小、工艺稳定及安全可靠,以期将放射性污染和辐射事故的概率降到最低。希望能借鉴美国同行的经验,开启解决我国核废疑难问题的思路,为研发适合我国国情的核废处理处置技术提供有益的帮助。

As an example of137Cs removing, development and use of pretreatment technology on US defense nuclearwastes by U. S. Department of Energy （ DOE） were focused on which included precipitation, selective dissolution,evaporation crystallization, ion exchange and solvent extraction. By analyzing their merits and demerits, the futuredevelopment directions was green, effective, less secondary waste, low energy consumption, less reagent consumption,stabilization and reliable, hoping to minimize the risk of radiation accidents. Learning the US experience, the solution tothe problem about disposition of radioactive waste was found.