复合微生物菌剂结合阳光消毒治理设施草莓连作障害的效果

Effects of Compound Microbial Inoculant in Combination with Solarization Treatment on the Control of Strawberry's Continuous Cropping Obstacle in Protected Cultivation

在山西省临汾市洪洞县和太原市阳曲县,连续3 a采用复合微生物菌剂结合阳光消毒的方法(简称微生物太阳能法)对设施重茬草莓园土壤进行处理,分析评价该方法的有效性。结果表明,微生物太阳能法能够让温室气温和耕作层土壤温度迅速达到50℃以上,每天持续高温大于12 h;该方法让土壤中细菌数量得到提升,真菌数量大幅度减小,放线菌数量持续升高,重茬土壤微生物菌群结构由易发病害的真菌主导型转变为健康的细菌主导型;微生物太阳能法处理后,土壤有机质、碱解N、速效P和速效K含量分别提高了75.4%,150%,55.3%和437%;与普通太阳能法相比,微生物太阳能法处理的草莓连作病害发病率显著降低,单果质量增加,产量显著提高。总之,微生物太阳能法能够有效提高温室气温和地温,杀灭重茬病原菌,提高土壤养分,有效控制草莓连作障害,提高产量。

In this experient, the method of compound microbial inoculant in combination with solarization（Microb-Solar treatment for short）was used to sterilize the continuous cropping strawberry＇s soil in protected cultivation. The effectiveness of this treatment was evaluated in two different sites and three years. The results showed that Microb-Solar treatment could quickly improve the temperature of air and plough layer reached 50 ℃ in the greenhouse. The high temperature state lasted longer than 12 hours every day. Microb-Solar treatment could increase the soil bacteria number, and greatly reduce the soil fungi number, and increase the soil actinomyces number continually. Replanted soil microbial structure changed from fungal dominant types which proned to disease to bacterial dominance types which was more healthier. After Microb-Solar treat, the content of soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium raised 75.4% , 150% , 55.3% and 437% , respectively. Compared to solarization treatment, the incidence of disease was significantly reduced, single fruit quality and yield were significantly increased under Microb-Solar treatment. In conclusion,Microb-Solar treatment can raise the air and soil temperature of greenhouse, kill the pathogens, increase soil nutrient contents, and finally control strawberry＇s disease and increase the yield.