男性话语与权力结构——以《洼地上的“战役”》为中心的讨论

The Male Discourse and Power Structure—Discussion Based on Novel Battle of the Lowlands

作为建国初期战争文学的代表,路翎的短篇小说《洼地上的"战役"》在当时的历史语境中曾产生重大影响,也曾随着对胡风文艺思想的批判不断升级陷入风暴的核心。批评者普遍指责作品用爱情冲击纪律,支援了个人温情主义,以至后来研究者也普遍将目光锁定在王应洪与金圣姬的爱情上。本文通过将性别(gender)作为非结构性因素引入,重新审视、解读作品,认为上述批评和解读属于焦点误认,而班长王顺、士兵王应洪之间的"同性社会性欲望"(male homosocial desire)关系及男性英雄人物的成长过程才是小说的核心。作品体现的意图是要构建以男性为中心的牢不可破的共同体、塑造男性英雄人物形象。在这个目标面前,源自金圣姬的感情是工具性的,是对男性英雄的考验。《洼地》中呈现的性别、权力结构是作者精心构建且认可的,文本既是当时历史语境下社会主流观念的投射,也反映了一定历史时段社会象征意义的生产。

As a representative of the war literature after the socialist state was founded in 1949,Lu Ling's novel Battle of the Lowlands was very influential,and became the center of a political storm because of his invariable link with Hu Feng,who was criticized for his"subjectivism"theory.Lu Ling's novel was mainly criticized for putting personal affection over discipline and"supporting sentimentalism".These critics were unified and hegemonic that commentators from then on tended to focus on the love between Wang Yinghong and Jin Shengji.But it will be clear that the male homosocial desire relationship between monitor Wang Shun and soldier Wang Yinghong and the path to a hero were the main concerns of this novel after the introduction of gender perspective.Lu Ling's intention was to construct an unbreakable male-centered community and an image of male hero,the love from Jin Shengji was merely a test designed for the young hero by Lu Ling.The gender norms and power structure in this novel were carefully constructed by the author,with the text reflecting the main-stream thoughts as well as the social symbolic meaning in certain historic context.