自主支持:教师教学方式的转变

Autonomy-Support: Transformation of Teaching Styles

教师教学方式的转变是深化课程改革的根本。自主支持型教学方式从学生的角度出发设计教学,使用非控制的方法,减少对学生的施压,为学生内在动机的生成提供环境,促进学生创新能力和自主能力的提升,是教学方式转变的方向。本研究通过对东、中、西部6 921位教师的实证调查发现,教师教学方式转变初见端倪,但教师群体发展仍不平衡。教师的教学效能感、教学自主权、专业发展机会以及参与决策程度均能够显著影响教师的自主支持型教学。通过培训教师简单可行的自主支持教学策略,提升教学效能感,进而促进教师采用自主支持型教学方式,是教师教学方式转变的抓手。而厘清学生培养目标,通过民主管理塑造师生自主发展氛围,是教育行政部门和学校推动教学方式转变的突破口。

According to self-determination theory,teachers' autonomy support refers to teachers' specific teaching styles,which help to reduce the control and pressure of students in support of students' self-development. In this study,autonomy support is addressed from three dimensions: encouraging independent thinking,establishing meaningful relevance,and supporting development of interest. Using the quantitative research method to investigate the status quo of teachers' level of autonymsupport,we explored the influential factors through regression analysis. The findings indicated an overall high level of autonomy support in teaching,but relatively poor performance in development of interest. Different teachers had significantly different scores,depending on their locations,genders and teaching abilities. Besides,teaching efficacy,teaching autonomy,opportunities of professional development and participation in decision-making can significantly affect teachers' level of autonomy support. Finally,this study put forward some suggestions regarding improving teachers' level of autonomy support,such as putting emphasis on teacher professional development,reforming evaluation system,protecting teachers' autonomy.