部分地区孕妇对开放二孩政策看法及其生育意愿的影响因素调查

Survey on the views on the “universal two-child” policy of pregnant women in some regions and analysis of the influencing factors of their fertility intention

目的:了解部分地区孕妇对"全面二孩"政策看法及其生育意愿的影响因素。方法:采用便利抽样的方法,于2016年4月至8月对北京、天津、河南省、江苏省地区的在三甲综合医院就诊的232名孕妇进行问卷调查和访谈。结果:部分地区的孕妇对二孩政策知晓率较高(93.5%),选择支持二孩政策的调查对象仅占19.8%,有29.3%的人有生育二胎意愿,62.9%没有生育二胎意愿。通过对部分地区孕妇访谈得知,影响她们生二胎的因素包括:生育成本因素、职业发展因素、新生育观念因素等。结论:本研究调查对象多属80、90后人群,正值育龄阶段,但仅部分女性有生育二胎的意愿。生育意愿是来自宏观的社会政策、文化和来自微观的个人、家庭等因素多方面作用的结果,因此在调整计划生育政策的时候需要对生育意愿进行全面的考量,才能实现人口的健康发展。

Objective:To investigate the views on the "universal two-child" policy of pregnant women in some regions,and analyze the influence factors on their childbearing desire.Methods:From April to August in 2016,a total of 232 pregnant women from Grade A Class-three hospitals in Beijing,Tianjin,Henan and Jiangsu provinces were surveyed and interviewed by convenient sampling.Results:The awareness rate of the "universal two-child" policy among pregnant women in some regions was high(93.5%).Only 19.8% of the participants support the "universal two-child" policy,29.3% of the participants had the desire to give birth to a second child,while 62.9% didn't have the desire.Through interviews with pregnant women in some regions,the main factors influencing their second birth include the cost of birth,career development,and new concept on fertility.Conclusion:The study shows that the participants were mainly born in the 1980s and 1990s,and were at the stage of childbearing age.However,only part of them had the desire to give birth to a second child.The childbearing desire was influenced by factors in many aspects,including macro-factors such as social policy and culture,and micro-factors such as personal and family factors.Therefore,it is necessary to make a comprehensive consideration on the fertility desire when the family planning policy is adjusted,so as to ensure the healthy development of population.