职业教育服务民俗工艺传承和创新的策略研究——基于山东博兴湾头淘宝村新生活的调查研究

Strategic Research on How to Develop Inheritance and Innovation of Folk Crafts in Vocational Education——Investigation Based on New Life of Taobao Village,Wantou,Boxing,Shandong Province

当下,民俗工艺的传承和创新面临精湛工艺濒临失传、后续人才储备不足、传承方式单一、技艺研发创新能力不高、产品推介途径狭窄、产业化发展缺乏国际视野等方面的困境。大量涉及民俗工艺方面的研究则多聚焦"技艺"的传承和创新,唯独缺乏对传承和创新"技艺"的"人才"的观照;以"技艺人才"的培养为逻辑起点,围绕这种"技艺人才"需要具备何种职业能力,这些职业能力怎么培养、谁来培养、采取什么方式培养及如何组织实施等,作了有益探索,并提出了职业院校建立"需求引导型"校企合作共赢体、采用现代学徒制培养民俗工艺传承和创新人才的实施策略。

At present, inheritance and innovation of folk crafts are faced with some difficulties such as almost endangered exquisite crafts, subsequent talent reserve insufficiency, single mode of inheritance, inadequate ability of technique development and innovation, scarce ways of product promotion, lack of international vision for industrialization development, etc. A lot of researches on folk techniques focuses on inheritance and innovation of ＂craftsmanship＂, but overlook the ＂talents＂ who inherit and innovate ＂craftsmanship＂. The following essay, logically starting with cultivation of the ＂technique-based talents＂, centers around what kinds of vocational ability the ＂technique-based talents＂ need, how to cultivate professional ability, who to develop it, and how to organize and implement it, etc. Besides, it has put forward implementation strategies, for instance, vocational colleges will establish ＂demand guiding＂ win-win cooperation between college and enterprise and cultivate the ＂talents＂ who can inherit and innovate ＂craftsmanship＂ with modern apprenticeship system.