浅析福建省常见水稻病害

Common Rice Diseases Caused by Microorganisms in Fujian Province

水稻是福建省的重要农作物,受地理位置与地形影响,福建省年均温度高、湿度大,极易发生病虫害。由微生物引起的水稻病害,因难预防、传播快,是福建省水稻灾害的主要组成部分。目前,已发现的福建省水稻病原微生物包括真菌、细菌和病毒,常见的真菌性疾病包括稻瘟病、稻曲病和纹枯病,细菌性疾病包括细菌性基腐病、细菌性条斑病和白叶枯病,病毒性疾病包括条纹叶枯病、水稻矮缩病、黑条矮缩病、南方水稻黑条矮缩病、齿叶矮缩病、簇矮病、草状矮化病、黄萎病、黄叶病、橙叶病和东格鲁病。对福建省由微生物引起的水稻病害进行归纳介绍,为水稻病害防治提供参考。

Rice is an important crop in Fujian Province. In 2016,the cultivated area of rice in Fujian reached 169.6 thousand hectares and the output reached 4.71 million tons. Due to the geographical location and terrain,the average annual temperature and humidity of Fujian are prone to pests and diseases. The rice diseases caused by microorganisms are difficult to prevent,and so have come to be the main source of rice disaster in Fujian. Pathogenic microorganisms found in rice produced in Fujian include fungi,bacteria and viruses. Common fungal diseases include rice blast,false smut and sheath blight,bacterial diseases include bacterial foot rot,bacterial leaf streak and bacterial leaf blight,while the viral diseases include rice stripe,rice dwarf,rice black-streaked dwarf,southern rice black-streaked dwarf,rice ragged stunt,rice bunchy stunt,rice grassy stunt,rice yellow dwarf,rice transitory yellowing,rice orange leaf and rice tungro. The main features of common diseases were showed,to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of rice diseases.