环境改善对老年人跌倒干预效果的评估

Evaluation of Intervention Effect of Improving Environment on Falls in the Elderly

目的通过对社区老年人居家环境和外环境的安全性评估,促进居家和外环境致跌危险环境的改造,降低老年人跌倒的发生。方法在大连市某社区选取60岁以上老年人家庭,入户进行家居环境评估;根据评估结果开展居家环境干预活动,包括:宣传、讲座和居家环境样板间改造。对社区楼房外环境致跌危险因素进行评估,根据评估结果社区居委会进行外环境整改。1年后再次入户进行居家和外环境改造情况评估。干预活动前后调查老年人跌倒率。结果干预前跌倒率为19.6%,干预后跌倒率为11.5%,与干预前比较非常显著降低(χ~2=34.523,P<0.01),干预有效。结论居家环境和外环境致跌危险因素,增加了老年人跌倒发生的风险。开展有针对性的居家和外环境致跌危险因素评估和改造,可有效预防老年人跌倒的发生。

Objective To reduce the incidence of falls in elderly people by changing the home environment and external environment of the elderly based on the assessment of the community living environment. Methods Some of families with elder（s） over 60 years old at a street in Dalian were chosen and surveyed to assess their home environment. According to the results of the assessment, intervention measures ware carried out including propagated educational documents, trained people in improving the home environment, and presented models of ideal home environment. Risk factors are collected for all the outside environment of community residents, and community residents committees carry out external environment rectification according to the evaluation. The second survey was done next year to assess the effects of home environment improvement. Fall rate of elderly people was investigated before and after intervention activities. Results The incidence of falls in elderly people was 19.6% before the intervention. This rate 2reduced to 11.5% after the intervention, with a significant decrease （χ =34.523, P〈0.01） . The falls rate decreased 2significantly （χ =34.523, P〈0.01） . Intervention is effective. Conclusions The risk factors in the home environment increased incidence of falls in elderly people thus the assessments of home environment should be done in time and transformations of dangerous environment should be performed appropriately to prevent falls in elderly people.