从预成到生成：当代教育观念的转向

From Preformation to Generation: The Shift of Contemporary Educational Ideas

预成无法看到其目的的不充分性、过程的不可控性、内容的非传递性、共在对象的异质性。专注于预成的教育只是一种为了达成特定目标的手段与技术,是本身可疑的教育术。没有给非确定性预留位子的预成无法援助学习者应对新时期不可预测的挑战。而立足于经验的生成是生长与成长的结合,是他律与自律的综合,是异他与我他的联动,是规划与变化的统一。它既不坐视个体生命的耗散,也不设定空泛抽象的过高目标,而是注重学习者与异在他者的互动,强调主体自身的筹划与经验的非连续性。经验是生成的基础,遭遇是生成的契机,无尽是生成的特性。当前对古典教养、核心素养的重视正是这一转向的体现。

Preformation cannot foresee the insufficient purpose, uncontrollable process, non-transitive content and heterogeneous co-existing objects. Preformed education is merely a method or technique for achieving specific purposes and is dubious itself. Preformation without making room for uncertainty cannot help learners cope with the unpredictable challenges of the new era. On the contrary, experience-based generation is a combination of growth and development, a synthesis of heteronomy and self-discipline, a composition of him/her and me, a unification of planning and change. Generation won＇t sit idle by the dissipation of individual life and set unrealistic goals but focus on the interaction between learners and others as well as the discontinuity of planning and experience concerning subjects themselves. The basis of generation is experience, encounter its opportunity and endlessness its characteristic. The transition is reflected by the emphasis on classic breeding and core literacy.