先秦盟誓制度中的人神关系变化

The Change of Human-God Relationship in Pre-Qin Vows System

盟誓制度在先秦社会的国家建构中起着重要的作用,与此同时,亦可从中发掘出先秦社会人神关系的变化。夏商周时期,盟誓制度逐渐发展起来,神人关系由对神的绝对服从转化为西周时德性因素等人的作用的放大。春秋战国时期,盟誓制度臻于成熟。盟誓礼仪化、世俗化,并且神人关系逐渐松弛,一个重要的表现就是"质"与"贿"现象的产生。神从神坛上走下,最终到达世俗之间,完成了先秦社会人神关系的转化。

The system of vows played an important role in the national construction of pre-Qin society. At the same time, we can fnd out the change of the relationship between human and God in pre-Qin society. During the Xia and Shang dynasties, the vows system developed gradually, and the relationship between God and man changed from absolute obedience to divine to the role of the Western Zhou Dynasty. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the system of vows was mature. The ritualized and secularization of vows and the gradual relaxation of the relationship between God and human are shown with an important manifestation of ＂quality＂ and ＂bribery＂ phenomenon. God went down from the altar of God and fnally reached the mundane, and completed the transformation of the human-god relationship in pre-Qin society.