三峡库区重庆段总磷污染来源解析及控制对策

Pollution source apportionment and control countermeasure of total phosphorus in Chongqing segment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

利用2001—2015年水质监测数据分析了三峡库区重庆段出入境断面总磷浓度的变化趋势,通过开展污染源调查和总磷通量计算,建立了总磷负荷的输入输出平衡关系,并以此判断重庆段总磷负荷的主要来源。结果表明:2001—2015年,重庆段入境断面朱沱和出境断面培石总磷浓度呈升高趋势,总磷负荷主要来自于长江和乌江的入境输入,重庆境内污染源排放总磷负荷约为12%。为保障三峡库区水质安全,有效控制总磷污染,应大力开展上下游省市的污染联防联控,加快实施流域水质综合管理。

The monitoring data from 2001 to 2015 were analyzed in order to understand the trend of TP concentrations at the exit and entry section in Chongqing segment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. Based on the investigation of pollution sources and flux calculation, the input and output balance of TP load was established in Chongqing segment,and the main sources were judged. Results showed that TP concentrations in Zhutuo section and Peishi section both were rising from 2001 to 2015. TP loads in Chongqing segment mainly originate from the input load of the Yangtze River and the Wujiang River. TP loads from pollution sources account for 12% of output load at Peishi section. In order to guarantee the water quality safety in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and to efficiently control TP concentration, it is imperative to promote comprehensive water quality management in this watershed and develop joint pollution prevention and control strategies among all provinces along the upstream and downstream.