某市2013年-2016年市政供水中14种元素监测结果分析

Analysis of monitoring results of 14 elements in municipal water-supplies of a city from 2013 to 2016

目的了解某市市政供水中14种金属及类金属元素污染状况,为控制饮用水污染及促进供水卫生安全保障提供依据。方法以某市正常供水的市政水厂出厂水为对象,整理2013年-2016年连续4年的国家标准全项目监测数据。采用描述性流行病学的方法,按不同的年份、水源类型、水期、供水规模、设施水平、消毒工艺整理并分析数据。结果全部元素检测样品合格率为98.8%,除铊外,合格率均为100.0%,项次合格率为99.9%。总检出率为64.5%,其中硒、钡、硼和铊为100.0%检出,铬(六价)未检出。不同年份比较,总检出率2016年较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。江河水源的总检出率高于水库水源(P<0.05)。大部分所测元素在中等规模、中等设施水平水厂的出厂水中含量较高。结论某市市政供水有毒元素污染处于低风险水平。江河水源仍存在污染的风险,是防范的重点。

Objective To understand the pollution status of medals and metalloids in municipal centralized water-supplies,so as to provide basis for controlling these pollutants and promote the water-supply security. Methods From 2013 to 2016,the water quality monitoring data of all the municipal waterworks of the city were collected and analyzed on the basis of national standards. The data were classified and analyzed according to years,water-source types,water periods,facility scale and facility levels by descriptive epidemiological method. Results The total qualification rate was 98. 8%,the qualification rate of all the items was 100. 0% except thallium,and the item pass rate was 99. 9%. The total detection rate was 64. 5%,among which the detection rates of selenium,barium,boron and thallium were all 100. 0%. Cr（ VI） was not detected. There was statistical significance on the differences of yearly detection rates（ P〈 0. 05）. The detection rate of river-source waterworks was higher than that of reservoir-source waterworks（ P〈 0. 05）. Most of the elements were higher in the waterworks of medium scale or medium level.Conclusion The pollution of toxic elements in municipal centralized water-supply was generally low. River-source waterworks should be paid attention to their risk of toxic elemental pollution.