黄海、东海及其邻近海域沉积物中的典型持久性有机污染物

Typical persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in sediments from the Yellow and East China Seas and adjacent coastal areas, China

有机氯农药、多氯联苯、短链氯化石蜡、多溴联苯醚和全氟化合物等典型持久性有机污染物(POPs)可由释放源经河流输入、土壤表层冲刷、大气沉降等途径进入海洋.由于其疏水性和亲脂性,它们易与有机质含量较高的颗粒物结合,最终埋藏在沉积物中,且被生物吸收后易于富集在脂含量较高的组织中.沉积物上的POPs在一定气象和环境条件下,又可能经再悬浮等方式重新进入水体,造成水体二次污染.POPs具有持久性、生物富集和放大性、长距离迁移以及环境毒性等特点,进入海洋后引起的海洋环境污染问题是影响我国海洋环境安全的一个重要因素.本文总结了黄海、东海及其邻近沿岸海域沉积物中上述几类典型的遗存和新型POPs的污染特征,归纳了其在海洋中的来源、由陆地向海洋的迁移机制,以及部分污染物的生态风险评估,并对未来亟需开展的研究进行了展望.

Organochlorine pesticides （OCPs）, polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs）, short-chain chlorinated paraffins （SCCPs）, polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs） and perfluoroalky chemicals （PFCs） are five kinds of typical persistent organic pollutants （POPs）, which can be transported from emission sources to marine environments via many pathways, including riverine inputs, surface runoff of contaminated soils and atmospheric deposition. Due to their hydrophobicity and lipophilicity, they are preferentially adsorbed onto particles with higher organic contents and finally buried in marine sediments, which are generally regarded as one of the major sinks of POPs. Once absorbed by organisms, they are more easily accumulated in tissues with higher lipid contents. Meanwhile, under certain weather and environmental conditions, POPs adsorbed on sediments can be re-released to aquatic environments, leading to secondary pollution of water systems. POPs are of environmental persistence, bioaccumulation and biomagnification in biota and long-range transport potential, and thus may cause seriously adverse effects on marine ecosystems after they entered into marine environments. These effects are important to the safety of marine system. The present review mainly summarizes the pollution characteristics of the above POPs in sediments from the Yellow and East China Seas and adjacent coastal areas, China. In addition, their potential sources, mechanisms for migration from the land to the sea, as well as the ecological risk assessment for some of these POPs, are also reviewed. Future researches urgently needed are proposed.