利用植物免疫原理控制农作物病虫害研究进展

Research progress on crop disease and insect pests control by principle of plant immune

21世纪以来,植物免疫学科得到迅猛的发展,植物免疫在防御机制构成、防御反应等方面的原理不断明晰。由于植物免疫可提升农作物产量和品质、减少农药使用,在农作物病虫害控制方面显示出巨大的经济、社会和生态价值。笔者从植物免疫的起源与发展、植物免疫的作用模式等角度介绍了植物免疫的基本原理,从PAMP-PRRs、病原物效应子与植物防御物质,以及病原菌效应子与植物基因等方面阐述了病原菌—植物互作的分子机理。分析了水杨酸、茉莉酸、乙烯和油菜素内脂等信号转导通路及其功能,探讨了植物免疫在植物激活剂创制和抗病育种中的开发与应用,并对植物免疫的发展趋势及前景进行了展望。

Since 21 st century, disciplines of plant immune obtained dizzying development, and study on composition and defense action of plant immune has been gradually perspicuity. Because plant immune can boost crop production, improve crop quality and reduce pesticide application, controlling of crop diseases and insect pests by utilizing the principle has been displayed in enormous economic, social and ecological value. This review introduced basic principle of plant immune from the origin and development, action pattern, as well as elaborated molecular mechanism of interaction between pathogens and plant, including pathogen-associated molecular patterns and pattern recognition receptors, effector of the pathogen and plant defense material, effector of the pathogen and plant gene. Meanwhile, we introduced the signal transduction pathway of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene and brassinosteroid, and their functions. Therefore, we analyzed development trend and application prospect of plant immune, especially in the aspect of plant activator and resistance breeding.