乒乓球优秀横拍运动员前4拍战术双因素组合分析模型及其应用

Two-factor Combination Analysis Model of the First Four Strokes for Elite Shake-hand Table Tennis Players and Its Application

依据乒乓球比赛战术的基本特性,选取常用的9项击球技术和9个击球落点,构建了一个优秀横拍运动员前4拍战术的双因素组合分析模型。在此基础上,对2007—2016世界排名前50的优秀男、女右手横拍进攻型运动员130场(260个比赛样本)进行了系统的分析,研究结果表明:1)采用发球轮第1→3拍或接发球轮第2→4拍击球技术和击球落点与得失分相关联的双因素组合分析模型,能够具体地分析乒乓球比赛前4拍的常用与有效战术;2)横拍进攻型运动员之间比赛时,前4拍常用且有效战术为:运动员发中路短球,或接发球摆短至中路短球,迫使对方用摆短或劈长还击,使得运动员能够在第3拍或第4拍抢先用进攻得分;3)中国男子运动员在发球轮(第1→3拍)常用的有效战术明显多于国外运动员,但接发球轮(第2→4拍)两者相差不大;中国女子运动员有较大的优势,无论在发球轮,还是接发球轮,前4拍常用的有效战术均明显多于外国运动员。

Based on the basic characteristics of table tennis match tactics,a two-factor combination analysis model of the first four strokes was constructed based on 9 stroke techniques and 9 stroke placements.On this basis,that authors analyzed the 130 matches（260 match samples） of elite right-hand shakehand table tennis players（offensive style） from the 2007-2016 world top 50 players,and the results showthat（1） the effective tactics frequently used in the first four strokes in table tennis matches can be revealed by the two-factor combination analysis model to divide matches into the serve round and receive round and determining the association characteristics between the stroke technique and placement in the first three strokes or the second to fourth strokes and the scoring;（2） The effective tactics frequently used in the first four strokes in matches between both right-hand shakehand players（offensive style） are serving to short middle or receiving with touch short to short middle,and forcing the opponent striking with touch short or push,so that the players can take the initiative to attack in the third stroke or fourth stroke;（3） Chinese male players obviously have more effective tactics frequently used in the first three strokes in the serving round than foreign male players,but fewer advantage in receiving round while Chinese female players have absolute advantages,whether in the serving or receiving round,and have more effective tactics frequently used in the first four strokes than foreign female players.