不同氮源配方栽培基质对毛木耳农艺性状、品质及生产效益的影响

Effects of cultivating substrates with different nitrogen sources on agronomic traits,quality and production efficiency of Auricularia cornea

【目的】比较麦麸和玉米粉两种氮源栽培料配方栽培木耳的农艺性状、养分及产量,为提高毛木耳产量及其品质提供参考依据。【方法】在常规毛木耳栽培基质(对照,CK)中添加不同比例的麦麸和玉米粉(分别设为W1~W4和C1~C4处理)为氮源,比较不同处理毛木耳的农艺性状、品质和生产效益。【结果】W4和C4处理菌丝生长最快,分别为0.31和0.21 cm/d,C1处理菌丝生长最慢,仅0.14 cm/d。在污染率及感病率方面,C2处理的污染率为0,W2处理的感病率最低(4.43%)。在耳片性状方面,C4处理优势明显,W4处理各项性状指标最低。在毛木耳营养成分方面,W3和C3处理的粗蛋白含量较高,分别为6.44%和7.70%,粗脂肪含量整体偏低,仅0.20%~0.60%;氨基酸总量以C3处理最高(6.29 mg/g),C1处理最低(4.14 mg/g)。W1和C3处理的耳片产量最高(干重均为0.21 kg/袋),绝对生物学转化率均大于22.50%。在生产效益方面,C3处理最佳,为2.60元/袋。【结论】在常规毛木耳栽培基质中添加2%麦麸或6%玉米粉为氮源栽培获得的毛木耳耳片性状和经济效益较佳,可作为毛木耳生产栽培料氮源优化配方推广应用。

【Objective】Agronomic traits,nutrient and yield of Auricularia cornea cultured in cultivating material formulas including two nitrogen sources(wheat bran and corn flour)were compared to provide scientific references and guidance for improving yield and quality of A.cornea.【Method】The conventional cultivating formula was taken as control(CK),and wheat bran(treatment W1-W4)and corn flour(treatment C1-C4)were added into the control formula with different proportions as nitrogen source respectively.The agronomic traits,quality and production efficiency of A.cornea in each treatment were compared.【Result】The mycelial growth rate of W4(0.31 cm/d)and C4(0.21 cm/d)was the fastest,while C1(0.14 cm/d)was the slowest.In terms of pollution rate and infection rate,pollution rate of C2 was 0,infection rate of W2 was the smallest(4.43%).Agronomic traits of A.cornea showed C4 was obviously advantageous,however,W4 was the worst in all indexes.Nutrient composition of each treatment demonstrated that crude protein contents of W3(6.44%),C3(7.70%)were high,while crude fat contents of all the treatments were at a low level ranging from 0.20% to0.60%.As for total amino acids,C3(6.29 mg/g)contained the most total amino acids content while C1(4.14 mg/g)contained the least.Additionally,yields of W1 and C3 were the highest with the biological efficiency greater than 22.50%,both reaching 0.21 kg/bag.C3 had the best production efficiency,which was 2.60 yuan/bag.【Conclusion】To sum up,the agronomic traits and economic efficiencies of A.cornea cultivated in the conventional formulas adding 2% of wheat bran or 6% of corn flour as nitrogen source have sound performance,hence this formula can be promoted as optimized nitrogen source formula in A.cornea cultivating.