基于DEA模型的中国奶牛养殖模式效率评价与产业发展思路

The Efficiency Evaluation of Dairy Farming Mode Based on DEA model and Industrial Development Ideas

基于可变规模报酬DEA模型,在考虑"产量""产量+质量""产量+环境""产量+质量+环境"四种产出方案下,分析养殖小区、家庭牧场、规模牧场的技术效率并进行分解,发现家庭牧场在以上各方案下的技术效率明显均优于养殖小区和规模牧场。投影分析显示:单独考虑产量产出时,家庭牧场产出不足明显;然而,加入质量和环境因素以后,家庭牧场的投入冗余和产出不足明显下降;养殖小区的菌落总数、环境友好度产出不足,劳动力投入和占地冗余明显,规模牧场劳动力人数、固定资产存在明显的投入冗余,同时环境友好产出不足明显。综合考量,政府应当扭转单纯以规模论英雄的政策偏好,养殖小区要全面转型,同时鼓励家庭牧场及其基础上的合作社的发展。

Based on the DEA model of variable scale returns, the technical efficiency of farmed areas, family ranches and scale ranches is analyzed under the four output scenarios of ＂output＂, ＂output ＋ quality＂, ＂output ＋ environment＂ and ＂output ＋ quality ＋ environment＂,and it is found that the family ranches in the above programs under the technical efficiency are significantly better than the farmed areasand scale ranches. The project analysis shows： when taking the output into account only, the family ranch are distinctly insufficient; however, the input redundancy and output insufficient decreased obviously with considering the quality and environmental factors; the total number of bacterial colonies and output of the environment-friendly-degree is insufficient,together with the labor input and land scale is obviously redundant of,then as to the scale ranch, there also exists input redundancy in terms of the labor input and fixed assets, while environmentally friendly output is not obvious. Based on a comprehensive consideration, the government should reverse its policy preference that is solely on a large scale, the farming area should be fully transformed and the development of family ranch and cooperatives under it is to be encouraged at the same time.