探究与修辞:论皮尔斯符号学中的修辞问题

Inquiry and Rhetoric: On Rhetoric in Peircean Semiotics

有别于传统修辞学中言辞技巧的讨论,皮尔斯在其符号学中开辟了一条全新的修辞学研究路径,并对修辞的概念及其功能进行了更新。在皮尔斯的话语体系中,科学探究、符号学与修辞学是一种相互关联的学理关系。修辞的研究以对真相的科学探索为总体目标;而真相探究实为一种符号衍义过程,是社群成员间对符号真相所持意见的表达及协商。但这种符号意义的协商过程需要依靠科学的方法,而这种方法论的探讨就是皮尔斯所谓的修辞学路径。皮尔斯的这一路径使其修辞学呈现出显著的公共性、对话性与社群性等总体特性,并为当代广义修辞学以及传播学的学理建构打下了坚实的哲学基础。从皮尔斯的探究哲学思想、符号学体系以及其修辞学体系三个方面,梳理皮尔斯普遍修辞学的内涵、功能及其意义,探析其在传播学中发挥的理论影响力。

Unlike traditional rhetoric concentrating on the verbal communication skills,Charles S.Peirce,who reforms the concept and the function of rhetoric,has advanced a brand-new approach to rhetoric studies.Scientific inquiry,semiotics and rhetoric are correlated among each other in Peircean philosophy.More specifically,rhetoric studies are guide by scientific inquiry,which is considered as the semiosis where community members discuss and negotiate the issue of truth.While those negotiations of the sign's meaning also needs the help of scientific methodologies,which are named as"universal rhetoric"in Peircean semiotics.This paper ponders on the definition,function and significance of universal rhetoric,from the following three levels,namely,his philosophy of inquiry,semiotics and rhetoric.