深部矿井运移灾变机制及其控制研究

Migration-forming mechanism and its control methods of deep mine disasters

矿井灾害包括煤与瓦斯突出、冲击地压、瓦斯(煤尘)爆炸、大面积冒顶和矿井突水淹井等,严重威胁着煤矿安全高效生产和矿山工作人员的生命安全,各种矿井灾害不仅互相联系,而且出现规律具有许多相似之处。从探讨矿井灾害共性问题的角度,通过分析采场大范围岩体系统的物理力学性能、系统结构、地质及技术环境、动态变化过程与能量之间的相互联系和演化机制,探讨了矿井灾害发生的基本模型,阐述了矿井灾害的发生机制;随后,分析了矿井灾害的运移灾变机制,把矿井灾害在深部矿井开采中统分为运移灾害(能量运移灾害、水体运移灾害、气体运移灾害)和固体物理机械灾害;最后,基于运移灾变机制,提出有效辨识和控制运移灾害必须明确的问题及相应的控制思路。

Mine disasters include, coal and gas outburst, rockburst, gas and coal dust explosion, large area roof caving and mine water inrush or inundation, etc, which are serious threat to the safety and efficient of coal mine production and life safety of mine workers. All kinds of coal mine disasters not only contact with each other, but also have many similarities to the occurrence regularity. Firstly, from the perspective to explore the common problems of coal mine disasters, the paper discussed the basic model and formation mechanism of happened mine disasters, by the analyzing the interlink and evolution mechanism between the physical and mechanical properties of large-scale rock mass, rock structure, the geological and technical environment, dynamic changing process and energy. Secondly, the migration-forming mechanism of mine disasters was analyzed. The deep mine disasters were divided into migration-forming disasters（including energy migration, water migration, gas migration）, solid and physics mechanical disasters. Finally, based on the migration-forming mechanism of mine disasters, the problems which should firstly be determined and some methods were proposed for effective identifying and controling of disasters.