20世纪80年代日本金融危机的背景及对策分析

Background and Countermeasure Analysis of Japanese Financial Crisis in 1980s

二战后,日本经济经历了一个快速的发展时期,但到了20世纪70年代,随着金融自由化的进一步发展以及国际形势的变化,金融体制面临着前所未有的运行障碍,致使日本爆发了金融危机。分析其主要原因有金融机构风险管理意识下降导致融资行为异常;贷款组合极大扭曲,实施总量管制引爆了经济泡沫;有问题的金融机构相继破产;《广场协议》的签订以及日本股市的崩盘等。为消除影响,摆脱危机,日本政府采取了一系列措施,主要有引进早期纠错措施,向法治型行政管理模式转型;改进金融稽核体制,引进自查方式;制定《金融再生法》《早期健全化法》;完善破产金融机构的处置框架,确立长期性的破产金融机构处理制度等。

After World War II, the Japanese economy has experienced a period of rapid development, but by 1970 s, with the change of financial liberalization and further development of the international situation,the financial system is facing the hitherto unknown development obstacles. The main cause of Japan＇s financial crisis has declined the consciousness of risk management financing caused by abnormal behavior;greatly distorted the loan portfolio, the implementation of total quantity control detonated the economic bubble; financial institutions have problems go bankrupt; the ＂Plaza Agreement＂ signed, the Japanese stock market crash. In order to eliminate the influence and get rid of the crisis, the Japanese government has adopted a series of measures. The main introduction of early corrective actions, transition to the rule of law administrative management mode; improve the financial audit system, the introduction of self-examination; formulate the ＂financial＂, ＂early sound regeneration law＂; to improve the disposal framework of bankruptcy of financial institutions, the establishment of long-term mechanism of financial bankruptcy system.