蛋白质组学应用于糖尿病视网膜病变发病机制的研究进展

Progress of proteomics applied to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy

糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)是糖尿病的一种微血管并发症,是导致失明的主要疾病之一。过去常认为DR的发生及进展与糖尿病的病程长、血糖控制不佳及高血脂有关。然而,许多糖尿病患者不伴有这些危险因素仍然发生DR,甚至一些病程长的糖尿病患者没有发生DR。事实上,DR的病理变化是涉及微血管病变、神经退化、免疫及继发性炎症反应等多种因素相互作用的结果。生物标志物能客观地预示疾病的发生,监控疾病的进展,评估治疗的疗效。研究DR发病的分子机制能有助于找到特异性的生物标志物以及新的治疗靶点。蛋白质组学是通过高通量、快速鉴定与定量分析细胞、组织、体液中所有蛋白质的组成、功能及蛋白之间的相互作用的学科。该文就最新的蛋白质组学研究技术,以及近几年运用该技术发现的DR生物分子标志物进行一综述。

Diabetic retinopathy（ DR）,a leading cause of acquired vision loss,is a microvascular complication of diabetes. While traditional risk factors for diabetic retinopathy including longer duration of diabetes,poor blood glucose control,and dyslipidemia are helpful in stratifying patient＇s risk for developing retinopathy,many patients without these risk factors develop DR; furthermore,there are persons with long diabetes duration who do not develop DR. Actually,The overall development of DR is multifactorial,with a complex interplay of microvascular,neurodegenerative,immunological,and secondary inflammation-related factors. A biomarker can be defined as a characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biological processes,pathogenic processes,or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention. Understanding the molecular events leading to the eye complications caused by hyperglycemia may help the identification of novel biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets. Proteomics is a scientific discipline which can analysis the composition,function and the relationship among proteins in cells,tissues,body fluids in a high flux,quickly identify,quantitative analytic way. In this work we have reviewed the administration of advanced proteomics techniques used in biomarker studies and the identified biomarkers with potential to improve the already existing screening methods for DR detection.