冷季不同植物人工湿地处理生活污水的工程实例分析

The constructed wetlands engineering cases with different plants treating domestic sewage in a subtropical climate at cold seasons

本实验以亚热带地区福建省永春县农村生活污水作为处理对象,选取10种湿地植物,构建具有不同植物类型的表面流人工湿地的实例工程,比较不同植物配置人工湿地的处理能力,以及湿地植物的生物量和植物体内氮、磷累积能力.研究结果表明,水龙和美人蕉人工湿地具有较高的铵态氮去除能力,去除率可分别达到76.7%和87.7%;两者同时也对总氮表现出较好的去除效果,尤其是美人蕉人工湿地在冬季节对总氮的去除率可维持在80.3%以上;2014年初冬季节实验结果表明,水龙还具有一定的总磷去除能力,去除率可达到69.0%.水龙和美人蕉具有较大的生物量,其单位面积干重可分别达到0.46和0.30 kg/m^2,又能较好地积累氮、磷元素,其体内氮含量可分别达到6.43和4.60 g/m^2,磷含量可分别达到0.50和1.01 g/m^2.综上所述,种植水龙和美人蕉的人工湿地总体处理效果较好,同时又能更多地积累氮、磷元素,且具有更大的生物量,可选为相对适宜用于处理生活污水的适合亚热带地区应用的人工湿地植物.

Ten pilot-scale surface flow constructed wetland systems( SFCWs) engineering cases with respective different vegetation species were constructed to treat the rural domestic sewage in subtropical area at cold season( Yongchun City,Fujian Province).The efficiency of SFCWs,the biomass of vegetation,and contents of nitrogen( N) and phosphorous( P) in aboveground biomass were investigated in this current study. In the reduction of ammonia nitrogen( NH_4^+-N),the SFCWs of Jussiaea repens and Canna indica showed excellent performance,and the NH_4^+-N removal percentages in SFCWs with both above species were 76. 7% and87. 7%,respectively. Additionally,SFCWs with C. indica also showed good performance in the reduction of total nitrogen( TN).Over 80. 3% of TN was removed in SFCW engineering case,which planted with C. indica in early and deep winter. The experiment also revealed that those two vegetation species could remove total phosphorus( TP). The TP removal percentage by J. repens reached 69. 0% in the experiment conducted in the fall of 2014,and SFCWs with C. indica could also remove TP,although it showed a lower removal percentage than J. repens. J. repens and C. indica could also have high biomass and high nutrients( N,P)contents in their aboveground tissues comparing to the other vegetation species. The dry biomass of J. repens and C. indica were 0. 46 and 0. 30 kg/m^2,respectively. The tissue nitrogen contents of J. repens and C. indica were 6. 43 and 4. 60 g/m^2,respectively. The tissue phosphorus contents of J. repens and C. indica were 0. 50 and 1. 01 g/m^2,respectively. The result of this study indicated that J. repens and C. indica could be selected as potential SFCWs engineering case vegetation species for the treatment of rural domestic sewage in subtropical regions,due to their good performance,high biomass and strong nutrients uptake ability.