近30年库鲁斯台草原退化过程分析

Analysis of Kulusitai Grassland Degradation Process in Recent 30 years

以库鲁斯台草原作为研究区,利用80年代到2014年草原范围内生物量、牲畜量、耕地数量及其用水量等数据,对库鲁斯台草原退化现状及原因进行了分析,结果如下:(1)目前库鲁斯台草原退化严重。草原范围内湿地面积从80年代至2014年减少了85.0%、草地可利用面积减少了36.5%、退化草地面积增加了225%、盐碱化面积增加了233%、草地沙漠化面积增加了2350%。(2)库鲁斯台草原退化主要原因,一是农业用水大幅增加。草原范围内总灌溉面积从80年代至2014年增加了186%、草原内机电井数增加了292%;从80年代到90年代到2000年,额敏河流域总用水量呈先增后减的趋势,从2000年又呈大幅增加的趋势,总用水量从80年代至目前增加了36.11%。二是草地牲畜数量大幅增加,引起草地生物量减少,草原范围内牧业户数从80年代至2014年增加了24%,草原内过冬牲畜量增加了45.6%,草地总产量减少了64.43%。

This paper, taking Kulusitai Grassland as the study area, studies the degradation status of Kulusitai Grassland and its causes, with biomass, amount of livestock, quantity of cultivated land, water consumption and other datawithin the grassland from 1980s to 2014, and the results are as follows：①Kulusitai Grassland degraded severely. From1980s to 2014, the wetland area in the grassland decreased by 85.0%, available area of grassland decreased by 36.5%, degraded grassland area increased by 225%, salinization area increased by 233%, and desertification area increased by 2350%.②Main causes of Kulusitai Grassland degradation, firstly, agricultural water increased greatly.From 1980s to 2014, the total irrigated area within the grassland increased by 186%, and the electromechanical wellsnumber within the grassland increased by 292%; from 1980s to 1990s to 2000, the total water consumption in theEmin River basin increased first and then decreased, and increased greatly again from 2000. The total water consumption has increased by 36.11% since 1980s. Secondly, there is a significant increase in the amount of livestock, causing reduced grassland biomass. From 1980s to 2014, the animal husbandry households within the grassland increasedby 24%, the amount of livestock wintering in the grassland increased by 45.6% and the total grassland production decreased by 64.43%.