沈阳市老年人孤独感现况及其影响因素分析

The Degree of Loneliness in the Elderly in Shenyang and Its Influencing Factors

目的:探讨沈阳市老年人孤独感的发生现状及其影响因素。方法:对沈阳市城乡634例老年人进行问卷调查,采用UCLA孤独量表评估孤独感现况,采用一般资料调查表和社会支持量表评估影响因素。结果:沈阳市老年人孤独感平均分为39.31±8.74,孤独感体验明显;多元线性回归分析显示无亲密朋友、身体状况差、月收入低是孤独感的危险因素;相关分析显示老年人孤独感与客观支持、主观支持、支持利用度、社会支持均呈负相关(r分别为-0.123、-0.363、-0.245、-0.359,P<0.01)。结论:老年人的孤独感是影响其身心健康的因素之一,老年人更需要来自家庭、朋友的情感支持,家人、社区和相关机构应加强对老年群体的关注,给予更多的关爱,以促进老年人的身心健康。

Objective:To explore the degree of loneliness in the elderly in Shenyang and its influencing factors. Method:TheUCLA loneliness scale,the general information questionnaire and social support scale were selected as evaluation tools,and 634 elderly people were enrolled. Results:The loneliness score was 39.31±8.74. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that no closefriends,poor physical condition,low monthly income were influence factors of loneliness. Correlation analysis showed that theloneliness of the elderly was negatively correlated with objective support,subjective support,support utilization and social support(r=-0.123,-0.363,-0.245,-0.359,P<0.01). Conclusions:The loneliness is one of the factors that affect the health of the elderlyand they need more emotional support from family and friends. Family,community and relevant institutions should strengthen theattention and give more love and care to the elderly to promote the physical and mental health of the elderly.