水稻秸秆与稻壳制备阻燃木塑复合材料的对比研究

Comparative study on flame retardant wood-plastic composite made of rice straw and rice hull

采用聚磷酸铵(APP)为阻燃剂,通过熔融共混,制备阻燃水稻秸秆与阻燃稻壳粉聚丙烯复合材料。通过力学性能、极限氧指数、垂直燃烧、热重分析(TGA)和扫描电镜(SEM)等表征手段研究了材料的力学、阻燃及热降解行为。结果表明:APP与秸秆粉的阻燃效果好于稻壳粉,当添加18%APP时,聚丙烯/秸秆粉复合材料可达到V-0级,氧指数提高了17.5%。对于聚丙烯/稻壳粉体系,APP添加20%时才达到V-0级。TGA与SEM研究表明:APP的添加使复合材料在燃烧过程中形成膨胀的致密炭层是阻燃的主要原因。

The flame retarded rice straw and flame retarded rice hull powders/polypropylene composites were prepared by melt blending with ammonium phosphate（APP）respectively.The mechanical,flame retardance and thermal degradation behaviors of composites were studied by mechanical properties,limited oxygen index,vertical burning,thermal gravimetric analysis（TGA）and scanning electron microscope（SEM）.The results showed that the flame retardant effect of APP and rice straw powder was better than that of rice hull powder.When the 18% APP was added,the polypropylene/rice straw powder could reach V-0 level,and the limited oxygen index increased by 17.5%;while in the system of PP and rice hull powder,the amount of APP reached 20%.TGA and SEM studies showed that the addition of APP could make the composite to form a dense and intumescent char layer in the combustion process.