额尔齐斯河水库群多尺度耦合的生态调度研究

Study on ecological scheduling of multi-scale coupling of reservoir group

针对我国额尔齐斯河流域生态问题,给出了水库群生态调度的定义。以保障河流健康、河谷生态系统安全为目标,构建了宏观、中观、微观相互嵌套多尺度耦合的水库群生态调度体系;结合生态调度的原则和依据,建立了水库群多尺度耦合的生态调度多目标模型,以及水库群中长期、短期和实时生态调度模型;提出了多时间尺度耦合的水库生态调度技术、多目标非线性水库调度模型求解技术和生态系统漓漫灌溉技术;定义了漓漫灌溉,构建了生态漓漫灌溉系统。应用上述体系、模型和方法,计算结果表明,中长期调度方案能满足额尔齐斯河流域水资源综合利用各部门的供水量及保证率要求,尤其是满足河谷林草生态供水的破坏深度要求和最大连续缺水年数的限制;水库群实时生态调度模型的计算结果表明:模型计算的河谷林草、湿地的水库人工生态洪水过程与实测值比较接近,相对误差为0.04%,说明模型结果合理。实时监测了河谷林草的漓漫灌溉效果,包括范围、面积、水深等,监测结果表明:水库人工生态洪水过程基本满足河谷林草漓漫灌溉面积、水深等生态需水要求。研究成果对额尔齐斯河维持河流健康、保障生态安全、解决国际河流的水资源综合利用问题、发展水库群生态调度的理论和方法,具有重要的理论意义与应用价值,可供我国北方河流生态调度借鉴。

The connotation of the ecological scheduling of the reservoir group was defined in this paper with an aim of finding the solution of the ecological problems in the Irtysh River Basin in China. In order to protect the health of the river and the safety of the valley ecosystem, the ecological multi-scale cou- pling scheduling system of the reservoir group with long, medium and short terms were constructed. Accord- ing to the principle and basis of ecological scheduling, the multi-objective ecological reservoir scheduling model with multi-scale coupling, the long-mid-term, the short-term and real-time-term ecological reservoir scheduling were constructed. Then, the solution technology of multi-objective non-linear reservoirs group scheduling for muhi-timescale coupling and the infiltration irrigation system were proposed. The infiltration irrigation was defined, and the infiltration irrigation system was developed. With the application of the above system, model and method, the results show that the long-mid-term scheduling model met the water supplement and guaranteed rate requirements of the comprehensive utilization of water resources in the Irtysh River Basin, especially the destruction depth of the ecological water supply in the valley and forest and the maximum continuous year numbers of water shortage. Regarding to the real-time-term ecological res- ervoir scheduling model, the model calculation and the measured value of the reservoir artificial ecological flood process for the river valley grassland, wetland are similar, the relative errorwas 0.04%, indicating that the result is reasonable. The effect of the river valley grassland, wetland is monitored including the range, area and water depth by real-time. The artificial ecological flooding process of the reservoir basical- ly satisfied the requirement of irrigation area and water depth. It is of important theoretical significance and application value for the research results in maintaining river health in Irtysh River Basin, protecting the ecological security, solving the international river water resources utilization, and developing the reservoir group ecological scheduling theory and methods, which could provide an experience for ecological schedul- ing in north China.