曝气生物滤池处理农村生活污水效率与微生物群落分析

Efficiency and microbial community analysis of domestic sewage treatment by biological aerated filter

以北京大兴区农村生活污水为处理对象,设计了4个反应柱,研究了3种填料结构、2种气水比条件下曝气生物滤池(BAF)对农村生活污水处理效率及微生物群落的影响。结果表明:(1)1~#、2~#、3~#柱气水比相同、填料结构不同,BOD5、CODCr和氨氮的去除率达到84.51%~96.49%;4~#柱与2~#柱填料结构相同,但气水比小,BOD5和CODcr处理效果差;4个柱TP的去除率低,需要强化除磷。(2)1~#、2~#、3~#柱OTU数量差异很小,说明微生物种类数量基本相同;2~#柱特有OTU数远大于4~#柱,说明填料结构相同条件下较大气水比有利于增加微生物种类。(3)1~#、2~#、3~#柱优势菌群主要有6种,在不同高度的优势菌群种类基本相同,但数量上有所差异;仅变形菌门中可能含有聚磷菌,这也是除磷效果差的原因之一。

Taking rural domestic sewage in Daxing district of Beijing as an object, this paper designed four reaction columns, and studied the effect of biological aerated filters （BAF） on the efficiency of rural domestic sewage treatment and microbial community under three different filling structures and two gas wa- ter ratio. The removal rate of BODs, CODcr and ammonia nitrogen in #1, #2 and #3 column which had dif- ferent filling structures and same gas water ratio reached 84.51%-96.49%; #4 column and #2 column had the same filling structure, but the gas water ratio was small, and the treatment effect of BOD5 and CODer was very poor; however, all the removal rate of TP are low, so phosphorus removal measures need to be strengthened. The difference of OTU in #1, #2 and #3 columns were very small, which indicating that the number of microbial species was basically the same; the specific OTU number of #2 column was much larg- er than that of #4 column, indicating that high gas water ratio was favorable to the increase of microbial species. There were 6 dominant bacteria groups in #1, #2 and #3 columns, the dominant species of each reaction column were basically the same at different heights, but the quantity was different. Only Proteobac- teria may contain poly P bacteria in these 3 reaction columns, which was also one of the reasons for poor phosphorus removal.