马铃薯挖掘与残膜回收一体机的改进设计与试验

Improved design and experiment of combined operation machine for both potato harvesting and plastic film collecting

针对现有马铃薯挖掘与残膜回收一体机田间试验中存在的搂模装置对马铃薯表皮造成擦伤,地膜回收率低及易产生撕膜等问题,对该机具的地膜回收部分进行改进设计。马铃薯挖掘部分仍采用成熟机型4U-83型马铃薯收获机,残膜回收部分采用送膜装置和滚筒式卷膜装置。通过计算确定了土薯分离装置、送膜装置及卷膜装置的各关键参数,并确定了压膜轮、送膜装置与卷膜装置的具体安装位置。田间试验表明:该机具掘薯、输运顺畅,土薯分离效果明显,残膜能被卷膜辊连续的卷起,卸膜方便可靠,明薯率为97.2%,伤薯率3.7%,损失率4.2%,残膜回收率90.1%,达到了马铃薯机械化收获与残膜回收的相关技术规范设计要求。

Aiming at the existing problems such as the hug membrane device bruising on potato tuber epidermis easily, the low recovery rate of residual film and the phenomenon of tearing plastic film, a field test of combined operation machine for potato harvesting and plastic film collecting was conducted and the recovering part of residual film was improved. Based on the 4U-83 potato harvester,its film feeding device and roller type film rolling device were used for recovering part of residual film. The key parameters of all devices were calculated and determined,and the location of the film pressing wheel was determined,as well as the film feeding device and film rolling device. The results showed that;This machine could smoothly dig and transport potato,and effectively separate soil and potato. The plastic film can be rolled up continuously by the roll film tube and reliably unloaded in convenient. The potato distinct rate reached 97.2 %, the damage rate was 3.7 %, the loss rate was 4.2 %, and the recovery rate of the residual film was 90.1%. In conclusion, the improved operation machine reached the relative technical requirements for the potato machinery harvest and the recovery of the plastic film.