普惠金融的减贫效应及作用机制——基于跨国面板数据的实证分析

Poverty Reduction Effect and the Mechanism of Action in Inclusive Finance:Empirical Analysis Based on Cross-national Panel Data

采用全球金融发展数据库、金融可获得性调查数据库的90个国家在2004~2014年的面板数据,从金融服务渗透性、便利性和使用性等三个方面构建普惠金融综合测度指标体系;在此基础上,对普惠金融减贫效应及作用机制进行了实证分析。研究发现,普惠金融能够显著地减缓贫困,并且在减少贫困广度方面的效力要大于贫困深度;普惠金融可以通过改善收入分配来减少贫困,但是普惠金融经济增长效应的减贫机制没有通过实证检验。因此,建议适度降低金融体系的准入门槛,适当扶持普惠金融机构,实现公平发展。

Based on the panel data of 90 countries from 2004 to 2014 available from the Global Development Finance database and financial availability survey database,this paper presents a comprehensive measuring index system,which covers three dimensions,including penetration,convenience,and usage of financial services. Considering these,this paper empirically analyzes the poverty reduction effect and mechanism of action in inclusive finance. The research findings can be summarized as follows： 1） inclusive finance can significantly alleviate poverty,and the width of poverty reduction is more significant in comparison to the depth of poverty reduction; 2）inclusive finance can alleviate poverty by improving the distribution of income,but its poverty reduction mechanism in economic growth effect is yet to be empirically verified. Therefore,it is recommended to moderately lower the entry threshold of the financial system and provide support to inclusive finance institutions,thus attaining equitable development.