特朗普贸易政策与美对华“301”调查

Trump's Trade Policy and the US Section 301 Investigation against China

本文首先介绍了"301"条款(1)的主要内容和调查的进展情况,在此基础上,从经济动因和政治诉求两个方面分析了美对华"301"调查的动机。本文认为美国试图缩减对华贸易逆差、遏制中国产业升级、减缓中国经济增长的动力是此次调查的主要经济动因;按美国意愿解决朝核问题和为2018年美国中期选举积累政治资本是此次调查的政治诉求。除此之外,调查还在一定程度上受到特朗普新贸易策略的影响。最后,本文从积极利用WTO争端解决机制、通过对话解决纠纷、扩大从美国进口以及深化自身改革等方面提出了应对建议。

Abstract： This paper first discusses the main provisions of Section 301 and the progress of the USTR initiated investigation against China. Then, the motivation of the US action against China is studied by focusing on the economic incentives and political rewards. The analysis indicates that a combination of several factors including the need to reduce the trade deficits with China, concern about the competition by the emerging high-end industries in China and fear of China＇ s rising power may be the major economic reasons for the initiation of Section 301 investigation, while the high stake of the North Korea nuclear prob- lem and the mid-term US election have provided political incentives to the inves- tigation. In addition, Trump＇ s new approach to trade issues may have also played a role. The paper suggests that China should take a number of steps to mitigate the tensions, including establish bilateral dialogue mechanism between the two countries, take advantage of WTO dispute Settlement mechanism and accelerate domestic policy reforms. Keywords： Section 301, trade policy, North Korea nuclear issue, Sino-US trade, industrial upgrading, trade friction