增殖植物和植物诱导抗性挥发物质对东亚小花蝽和浅黄恩蚜小蜂的嗅觉行为影响及田间诱集作用

Olfactory influences and filed attractions of enhancing plant and herbivore induced defense volatiles to predacious flower bug Orius sauteri ( Hemoptera:Anthocoridae ) and parasitoid wasp Encarsia sophia ( Hymenoptera:Aphelinidae)

利用增殖植物与植物诱导抗性物质诱集天敌昆虫,实现对天敌昆虫种群的主动调控,已经成为现代保护型生物防治的热点。本研究针对捕食性天敌东亚小花蝽和寄生性天敌浅黄恩蚜小蜂,选择7种植物源诱集物质:玉米花粉、油菜花粉、琉璃苣花、金盏菊花、无味母菊花、苜蓿花、猫薄荷叶片,两种人工合成植物诱导抗性物质水杨酸甲酯和茉莉酸甲酯作为气味源,分别在室内使用嗅觉仪检测以及在有机果园实际生产中使用天敌诱集装置,分析比较各自对东亚小花蝽和浅黄恩蚜小蜂的诱集作用。室内研究结果表明,水杨酸甲酯与玉米花粉对东亚小花蝽雌成虫吸引力最高,其次为茉莉酸甲酯。开花植物中,金盏菊花的诱集作用最佳。浅黄恩蚜小蜂趋向于选择两种人工合成挥发物,且对玉米花粉的选择高于其它植物源。有机苹果园内,水杨酸甲酯和茉莉酸甲酯对东亚小花蝽的诱集作用十分显著。玉米花粉和金盏菊对东亚小花蝽诱集作用高于其它植物材料。浅黄恩蚜小蜂倾向选择水杨酸甲酯与茉莉酸甲酯,而植物源材料间的吸引力无显著差异。本研究结果表明植物诱导抗性物质与增殖植物物质均可以有效诱集东亚小花蝽和浅黄恩蚜小蜂,可以作为一种有效的保护型生物防治技术加以应用。

Utilization of enhancement plant and herbivore induced defense volatile（ HIPV） for positively regulating the population dynamic of natural enemy has been confirmed as the hot spot of modern conservation biological control. Present study investigated the attractive influences of 7 botanic odor materials as pollen of maize and rape,flowers of borage,marigold pot,Tasteless chamomile and alfalfa,leave of catmint,and two artificial synthetic HIPVs methyl salicylate（ Me SA） and Methyl jasmonate（ Me JA） to predatory flower bug Orius sauteri and parasitoid Encarsia sophia in the lab by 10-arms olfatormeter indoor and in the organic apple orchard by odor trapper. The results of indoor olfactory tests showed Me SA and maize pollen attracted most of O. sauteri,and followed by Me JA. The marigold pot is the most attractive botanic recourse here. E. sophia tended to select both Me SA and Me JA significantly,and preferred more to maize pollen than other botanic odors. We also observed the significantly highest attraction by Me SA and Me JA to wild O. sauteri in orchard investigation. Maize pollen and marigold pot showed lower attraction than these HIPVs,but both were higher than others. Similarly,E. sophia could be attracted more to Me SA and Me JA. The attraction form all the botanic odors did not show significantly different. Our research indicated that the utilization of enhancement plant and HIPV may help us positively regulate the migration and aggregation of O. sauteri or E. sophia,which may also benefit the practical conservation biological control as an efficient solution.