70岁及以上老年人身体活动特征及对健康体适能影响的多水平分析

Effect of Physical Activity on Physical Fitness among Elderly over 70 Years: A Multilevel Analysis

目的:采用多水平模型分析老年人身体活动对其健康体适能的影响,为客观了解其影响提供参考依据。方法:采用多阶段随机整群抽样方式获取1250名70岁及以上城市老年人的有效样本,采用IPAQ短卷进行身体活动测量,通过测量获取健康体适能数据,采用单因素方差分析和多水平模型分析身体活动对健康体适能的影响。结果:≧70岁老年人参与小强度身体活动比例最高,为44.6%,且随年龄增长有升高趋势(χ2=27.16,p﹤0.01)。单因素方差分析显示,随着身体活动水平上升,老年人健康体适能增高(p﹤0.05),与低身体活动水平相比,70~74岁组、75~79岁组和≧80岁组的中、高身体活动水平组比≧70岁组老年人增加的幅度要大。多水平模型显示,老年人健康体适能在年龄水平存在聚集性(p﹤0.05),ICC介于11.0%~35.4%,固定效应显示,身体活动强度越大,健康体适能改善效果越好,差异有统计学意义(p=0.000),与单因素结果相比变化幅度更为合理,随机效应显示,身体活动强度越高,个体差异估计值出现下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(p=0.000)。结论:单因素方差分析和多水平分析均表明身体活动强度越高,其健康体适能越好,但多水平分析结果更为客观,且能进一步分析变异的来源。

Objective ： To analyze the influence of physical activity on physical fitness among elderly using a multilev- el model, and to provide the basis for objective under- standing their influence. Methods：One thousand two hun- dred and fifty senior citizens over 70 years were extracted with the multistage random cluster sampling method, the physical activity and the health fitness were measured by Short＇s IPAQ and measuring method, the effects of physi- cal activity on health fitness were analyzed by single de- pendent variable and multilevel model. Results：Small in- tensity physical activity was the highest proportion amgng elderly over 70 years, and it was a rising trend along with ~ 2 the age mcrease（~ -test was 27.16,p 〈 0.01）.the single dependent variable model showed that the health fitness was rising along with the physical activity in- crease ,when compared to the level of low physical activi- ty, the medium and high physical activity of the 70 -74 age grope, 75 - 79 age grope and over 80 year grope showed maximal change in the health fitness than the over 70 age grope. The multilevel analysis showed that there was clustering in health fitness at the age level （p 〈 O. 05）, the intraclass correlation coefficient （ ICC ） of the health fitness was between 11.0% - 35.4%, the fixed effect showed that the greater the physical activity intensi- ty, the better the health fitness could improve, there was a significant difference （ p = 0. 000 ）, when compared to the single dependent variable model, it showed more reasona- ble results, the random effect showed that the individual difference estimation decreases had declining trend along with the physical activity intensity increase, there was a significant difference （ p = 0. 000 ）. Conclusion ： The single dependent variable and the multilevel analysis indicated that the higher the intensity of physical activity, the better the level of health fitness, however, the results of multilev- el analysis are more objective and can further analyze the source of variation.