改革开放以来珠江三角洲基层非正规土地利用实践与制度创新——以东莞市长安镇为例

The Local Informal Land Practice and Institutional Innovation in the Pearl River Delta Since 1978:A Case Study of Chang'an Town in Dongguan City

21世纪初,在对非正规经济研究的二元主义、新马克思主义和新自由主义理论解释基础上,出现了批判管治主义理论,重点关注国家权力与制度对非正规性产生的影响。基于该视角,以东莞市长安镇为例,运用质性研究方法,分析了改革开放先行区的珠江三角洲,其基层非正规土地利用实践的产生、表现及其与制度创新之间的关系。研究发现:改革开放以来,在国家土地制度缺失、正规土地管理制度颁布和实施阶段,以及省级政府主导的土地制度创新阶段,非正规土地利用实践经历了被政府鼓励、包容和默许及正规化的过程。部分非正规土地利用实践成为制度创新的根源。土地制度的演变经历了由乡村基层"自下而上"式向地方政府"自上而下"式推动的转变,在演变过程中具有非正规性特征,并服务于各个时期的城市与经济发展需求。未来的研究中,应更多的关注"自下而上"的制度创新和地方实践。

Urban informality is a one of important research agendas in Global South,it is also considered as a new urban theory in 21^（st）.The informal sector has been focused by scholars since 1973,and three broads approaches have been founded,that the dualism approach,Neo-Marxism approach and neoliberalism approach.This paper used the critical governance approach,which founded in 21 stand emphasized on state power and institution at determining informality.Based on this approach,Chang＇an Town of Dongguan City in the Pearl River Delta was choose,to research the prevailing informal phenomenon in cities of China— the informal land use practice,its emergence roots,pattern of manifestation and the relationship with institutional innovation since 1978 with qualitative methods.Our research findings include that at the period of lack of national land institution,the state and government actively supports and promotes the informal land practice when it produces new strategic knowledge.At the period of national land institution be founded,the local government utilizes and tolerates the informal land practice when it serves development.At the period of institutional innovation driven by local government,the informal land practice was overcame by government and the informal land be formalization when important economic and political interests are prevailing and more legal certainty is needed.The informal land practice and informal land institution are the seeds of formal land institution in PRD,when it produces new strategic knowledge,and serves urban development,the state and local government would make it formalization,and become institutional innovation.The mode of land institutional change in PRD has been turned form above to below.Some informal practice may be prohibited,and the informal institution would be fade,but we should pay more attention on informal practice and informal institution from below in the future.