美国小学教师培养:现状、特点与启示

The Training of Primary School Teachers in America:the Characteristics and Enlightenment

美国小学教师培养在培养机构、培养模式、课程设置、实践教学、教学方法等方面都有其特点,尤其是在课程设置与实践教学上。课程设置凸显了通识教育课程的广博性与选择性、专业教育课程的整合性与实践性。实践教学在时间安排上将教育实习贯穿于整个教学计划中,内容安排上实践体验与理论学习相互支撑,指导管理上强调大学教师与实习机构指导人员结成指导监督共同体,评价方式上过程性评价与终结性评价有机结合。借鉴美国的经验,结合校情,立足国情,面向世界,通过优化课程体系、实化课程内容、深化实践教学、强化师资队伍、活化国际交流,探索一条有自身特色的小学教师培养之路。

The training of primary school teachers in America has its own characteristics in training institutions,training mode,curriculum,practice teaching and teaching methods,especially in the curriculum and practice teaching. The curriculum highlights the extensiveness and selectivity of general education courses and the integration and practicality of professional education courses. The educational practice is carried out throughout the whole teaching plan in the time arrangement of practice teaching. Practical experience and theoretical study support each other according to the contents arrangement of practice teaching. The guidance and supervision community formed by university teachers and interns is emphasized in the guidance of management of practice teaching.Process evaluation and end evaluation are organically unified in the ways of teaching evaluation. From the American experience,we should combine the school situation,based on the national conditions and facing the world to explore a training way with its own characteristics for national primary school teachers： optimizing the curriculum system,externalizing the curriculum contents,deepening the practice teaching,strengthening teaching staffs,and activating international communication.