十五年区试数据分析展示谷子糜子育种现状

Current Breeding Situation of Foxtail Millet and Common Millet in China as Revealed by Exploitation of 15 Years Regional Adaptation Test Data

谷子(Setaria italica Beauv.)和糜子(Panicum miliaceum L.)是中国起源的古老粟类作物,在旱作生态可持续农业建设和种植业结构调整中具有重要作用,也是应对未来更加干旱环境的战略储备作物。自2001年到2015年,全国农技中心组织国家谷子糜子区域试验,对这个时期培育的谷子糜子品种的产量、适应性和品质进行综合鉴定,积累这个时期谷子糜子育成品种的产量和农艺性状表现的基础数据。本期《中国农业科学》发表了6篇对过去10—15年谷子糜子育成品种产量和农艺性状表现的分析评价文章,这些文章从整体上梳理了中国华北夏谷区、西北早熟区、西北中晚熟区、东北春谷区和糜子育成品种的产量水平、育种进步的性状和存在问题等,也提出了近期及将来的育种目标。本文是对这6篇文章进行的简评,希望能引导这6篇文章的深入研读。谷子糜子育种的突破有赖于关键性亲本的发现、创制和利用,以及有益产量性状累加育种技术的突破;商品性优质、食味优质、功能性优质专用和中矮秆适合机械化轻简化栽培应成为谷子糜子育种最应关注的重点方向。

Originated from China, foxtail millet（Setaria italica Beauv.） and common millet（Panicum miliaceum L.） are staple cereals in Northern China, which are of great importance in dry-land agriculture. Organized by the National Agricultural Technology Extension Center, newly developed foxtail millet and common millet cultivars were subjected to evaluate their grain yield, environmental adaptation and other agricultural characteristics performance in different locations of their corresponding ecological regions from 2001 to 2015, which is named Regional Adaptation Test（RAT for short）. The 15 years RAT of foxtail millet and common millet cultivars were carried out on different ecological groups, and there were 8 to 15 testing locations of the same of similar environmental condition in each group, such as Northern China Plain region of summer-sowing foxtail millet, early mature region of Northwest China spring-sowing region and Northeast China spring-sowing region. The well-organized data of the 15 years test is a real exhibition of performance of grain yield and other characters of the newly developed foxtail and common millet cultivars in this period. By exploitation of the data, six papers were published in this issue of Scientia Agricultura Sinica and a brief introduction and comment was made in this paper, so as help readers have a much deeper insight on those papers. The future breeding targets of foxtail and common millet were also discussed in the paper.