双元能力的组织特征前因及绩效结果:一项元分析

Organizational Characteristic Antecedents and Performance Consequences of Ambidexterity： A Meta-Analysis

作为一种获取持续竞争优势的动态能力,组织的双元能力受到广泛关注,但目前关于组织双元能力的形成前因和后果的研究结果并不一致。本文在对以往研究进行系统梳理的基础上,采用元分析方法,考察了构建双元能力的组织因素以及双元性能力的绩效后果。研究结果表明：组织特定的结构特征、情境特征和领导特征与双元能力存在相关关系,而情境特征和领导特征对双元能力的影响更为显著;双元能力测量方法、分析层次和行业类型等因素调节了组织特征与双元能力之间的关系;双元能力有助于提高组织的财务和非财务绩效,双元能力对绩效提升的积极作用在业务单元、团队和高技术行业中表现得更为突出。此外,双元能力与绩效的关系受测量因素和情境因素的交互影响。本文的发现不仅揭示了双元能力形成和作用的内在机理和边界条件,同时也对如何培育双元能力有着重要的启示意义。

As a dynamic capahility of achieving sustained competitive advantage, organizational ambidexterity has received wide concern both from researchers and practitioners, but previous research on the antecedents and outcome is either insufficient or equivocal. Based on systematic literature review, the paper conducts a meta-analysis to discuss the relationships among organizational characteristics, ambidexterity and performance. First, we analyze the relationship between organizational characteristics and ambidexterity. The results indicate that structural, contextual and leadership characteristics of organizations have correlation with ambidexterity, and the contextual and leadership characteristics have stronger effects. Measurements of ambidexterity, level of analysis and industry type moderate the relationship between organizational characteristics and ambidexterity. Second, we test the relationship between organizational ambidexterity and performance. The analyses reveal that organizational ambidexterity has positive effect on financial and non-financial performance. The outcomes of organizational ambidexterity are more salient on the context of business unit or team level and high-tech industries. Further, the relationship between ambidexterity and performance was jointly moderated by some measurementand situational factors. The above-mentioned findings not only reveal intrinsic mechanism and boundary conditions of formation and efficacy of ambidexterity, but also have important implications for how to cultivate ambidextrous capability.