高校学科专业动态调整中的市场调节失灵及其矫正

Market Regulation Failure and its Correction in Dynamic Adjustment of Discipline and Major in Universities

市场调节是与计划管控相对应的一种自发性资源配置方式,在高校学科专业动态调整中主要通过办学资源的竞争分配与人力资源的供需平衡发挥作用。但由于高等教育所具有的公共产品属性、不同类型高校办学定位的差异性、劳动力市场的信息失真与不对称以及学科专业自身所包含的知识生成性,导致学科专业动态调整的市场调节失灵,呈现出资源配置低效、供需结构失衡等诸多问题。矫正市场调节失灵需从完善市场调节和政府调控的互补机制着手,促进资源竞争性分配、增进政府统筹规划与引导、尊重不同类型高校办学定位差异、强化高校内部学术自治,以达成市场调节、宏观调控与知识生成的多重统一。

As a kind of spontaneous resource allocation corresponding to plan management and control, market regulation plays a significant role on the competitive allocation of school resources and the balance between supply and demand of human resources in dynamic adjustment of discipline and major in universities. However, owing to the public attribute of higher education, differences in orientation of different types of colleges and universities, information asymmetry and distortion of labor market and knowledge generation in discipline and major, market regulation shows the inefficiency of resource allocation and imbalance of supply and demand. Correcting its failure need to perfect the complementary mechanism of market regulation and government regulation.In order to achieve the multiple unification of market regulation, macro control and knowledge generation, the following measures need to be taken which include promoting the competitive allocation of resources, enhancing the planning and guidance of government, respecting the difference of orientation of different colleges and Universities and strengthening the academic autonomy of university.