《本草纲目》金陵本的常见讹误及订误方法研究

A study of commonly-seen textual errors in the Jinling edition of Bencao Gangmu and methods of revision

《本草纲目》金陵本为初刻本,最能保存李时珍原著本意,但其中亦有较多文字讹误。其误有三:其一是金陵本存在较多的刻工之误。其二是《本草纲目》所用之《证类本草》底本有误。其三是李时珍本人学术见解及编纂方法等方面的少量失误。为了较好地反映时珍真实的学术观点,又能弥补《本草纲目》之误,本文分析了各种讹误的具体表现,有针对性地采用不同的应对措施来订讹正误。凡属于刻工所致错误,均予改误加注(即纠正错误,给出脚注);凡属引用《证类本草》致误,则根据现存《证类本草》最佳版本改误加注;凡属李时珍本人的学术见解存在问题,则不改原文,指误加注(即通过脚注表达校勘者意见)。上述不同校勘订误方法,既有助于存《本草纲目》作者见解之真,又可订正引文的讹误。

The Jinling edition of Bencao Gangmu（ Compendium of Materia Medica） comes particularly close to the original ideas of Li Shizhen＇s manuscript. However,it contains numerous textual errors.There are three types of mistakes： First,errors from the engraving process. Second,errors from the cited Zhenglei Bencao（ Verified and Categorized Materia Medica）,a major source for the Bencao Gangmu.Third,a few errors of Li Shizhen ＇s own scholarly understanding and compilation. In order to reveal Li Shizhen＇sorginal ideasand to correct the errors in Bencao Gangmu,this article analyses the specific examples of textual errors with the focused goal of selecting different measures for correction： Errors originating from the engraving process were corrected directly,and annotations in the form of footnotes were added; Errors from the Zhenglei Bencao were corrected with annotations on the basis of the current optimal edition of Zhenglei Bencao. As for errors of Li Shizhen＇s scholarly understanding,the original text was not changed,but annotations were added in the form of footnotes explaining the views of the collators. These methods of collating and correcting the text help to preserve the original ideas of the author of the Bencao Gangmu while still ensuring the rectification of mistakes.