双控干热空气处理设备研制及应用于预防家蚕微粒子病胚种传染的效果

Development of Dual-controlled Dry and Hot Air Processing Equipment and Its Application in Preventing Pebrine Infection via Silkworm Embryos

干热空气处理是一种物理消毒方法,通过相对湿度在50%以下的高温环境破坏病原微生物的蛋白质与核酸结构而达到灭菌效果。以操作简便、性能稳定、安全可靠为目标,研制出一种专门用于蚕种消毒预防家蚕微粒子病胚种传染的双控干热空气处理设备。该设备采用导热系数、阻燃等级高的双面不锈钢板聚氨酯保温夹心材料,应用双加热控温技术为蚕种容纳室内提供精确稳定的目的温度,以确保干热空气处理的消毒效果和蚕种安全,设备单次处理蚕种的最大容量为600大张种(1大张蚕种相当于4张市售蚕种)。将家蚕一代杂交种置于该设备中以46℃干热空气处理60 min,对微孢子虫进行灭活消毒,当供试蚕种含家蚕微孢子虫的病卵率为22.35%~69.83%时,其防治效果达到93.98%~98.79%,而对病蛾率约30%的超毒批蚕种的防治效果达到97%~99%;在该设备中进行干热空气处理后的蚕种,其孵化率及幼虫饲养的产茧量等主要经济性状与未处理组相比无显著差异。试验结果表明,研制的双控干热空气处理设备可应用于蚕种生产预防家蚕微粒子病胚种传染,干热空气对家蚕微孢子虫的杀灭效果显著,且对蚕种的生产性能无显著不良影响。

Dry and hot air treatment is one of the physical disinfection methods. Its disinfection effect is achieved through destroying structures of proteins and nucleic acids of pathogenic microorganisms under high temperature environment with relative humidity below 50%. By taking simple operation, stable performance, safety and reliability as objectives,we developed a dual-controlled dry and hot air treatment equipment specifically used to disinfect silkworm（ Bombyx mori） eggs for prevention of pe-brine infection via silkworm embryos. This equipment uses double-sided stainless steel polyurethane insulation sandwich material of high thermal conductivity and flame retardant grade,and employs dual-heating temperature control technology to provide accurate and stable temperature for silkworm eggs cabinet to ensure the disinfection effect of dry and hot air treatment and the security of silkworm eggs. The maximum capacity of this treatment equipment per treatment is 600 large sheets of silkworm eggs（ 1 large sheet is equivalent to 4 marketed sheets of silkworm eggs）. In order to disinfect and inactivate pebrine microsporidia,this equipment was used to disinfect silkworm F1 hybrid eggs with dry and hot air at 46 ℃ for 60 min. When the tested silkworm eggs had 22. 35% to 69. 83% pebrine-contaminated eggs,the control effect reached 93. 98% to 98. 79%. When the tested silkworm eggs were from about 30% ultra-contaminated moths,the control effect reached 97% to 99%. Compared to the non-treated silkworm eggs,silkworm eggs treated by this equipment had no significant differences in hatchability,cocoon production of larva rearing and other main economic traits.The experimental results show that the dual-controlled dry and hot air treatment equipment can be applied to prevent and control pebrine disease in silkworm eggs production. The dry and hot air has remarkable perishing effect to Nosema bombycis without significant adverse effects on production performance of treated silkworm eggs.