高磷含量聚酯多元醇的制备及其在阻燃PA6中的应用

Synthesis of High Phosphorus-Containing Polyester Polyol and Its Application in Flame Retardant PA6

以苯基鹏酰二氯（BPOD）和双羟甲基甲基氧化磷（BMPO）为原料，制备了一种高含磷聚磷酸酯多元醇阻燃剂{PHPOP）。并通过红外光谱（FTIR）和热重分析（TGA）表征了产物的结构及热稳定性。采用熔融共混法制备了PHPOP阻燃的聚酰胺6（PA6）材料，通过极限氧指数（LOI）法和垂直燃烧法测试了材料的阻燃性能。并采用热重分析仪考察了阻燃PA6的热分解过程及其成炭性能，随后采用扫描电镜（SEM）对其炭屡形貌进行了观察。结果表明：阻燃剂PHPOP对PA6具有良好的阻燃效果。当20％阻燃剂的加入即可使PA6的LOI由21．2％提高至27．5％，并通过UL94V．0级测试。热降解及炭层形貌分析结果表明，PHPOP的添加对PA6在降解过程中的成炭具有良好的促进作用，使炭层致密性提高，阻碍了热和可燃气体的传递，从而提高了PA6材料的阻燃性能。

A phosphorus polyester polyol flame retardant （PHPOP） was prepared by using benzene phosphorous oxydichloride （BPOD） and bis-（hydroxymethyl）-methylphosphine oxide （BMPO）. The structure and thermal stability of the product were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer （FTIR） and thermogravimetric analysis （TGA）. Then the PHPOP, which served as the flame retardant, was incorporated into polyamide 6 （PA6） by melt blending. The flame retardancy and thermal properties of the flame retardant PA6 were studied through limiting oxygen index （LOI） and UL 94 vertical burning and TGA tests. The results show that the LOI for flame retardant PA6 improves to 27.5% from 21.2% for PA6, and UL 94V-0 rating can be achieved with 20% flame retardant （PHPOP）. Combining with the study of kinetics of thermal degradation of flame retardant PA6 samples, it turns out that PHPOP improves char forming of PA6. The morphology of char residues of flame retardant PA6 samples shows that, the honeycomb and compact char layer is formed, which can effectively protect the internal structure, inhibit the heat transmission and reduce the fuel gas during combustion.