基于卫星定位数据的驾驶行为安全与节能评价方法

An Evaluation Method of Safety and Energy-saving Driving Behavior Based on Satellite Positioning Data

驾驶员管理是道路运输安全和节能管理的基础和源头。为加强道路运输企业驾驶员驾驶行为安全与节能的管理考核,降低运输企业的监管成本,研究并制定了一套基于企业安全生产管理数据(以卫星定位数据为主)的驾驶行为安全与节能评价方法。首先根据驾驶员驾驶行为的特点和行业管理要求,建立驾驶行为安全与节能评价指标模型,从卫星定位数据中提取了10项驾驶行为安全与节能二级评价指标,根据指标的发生次数和持续时长等进一步细分得到17项三级指标。给出了各项三级评价指标的具体识别和计算方法,并建立了各项二级评价指标的得分标准。利用层次分析法,通过构造比较判断矩阵并进行一致性检验,得出各项评价指标的对应权重。随后采用加权平均方法,最终得到驾驶员驾驶行为的安全评价结果、节能评价结果和综合评价结果,完成对驾驶行为的评价和分析。选取某客运公司行驶时间段和路段等较具代表性的道路运输车辆,利用其正常运行过程中产生的卫星定位数据,对所提出的评价方法进行了试验验证,并与现有其他相似的方法进行了比较分析。结果表明,该方法可从安全与节能两个角度对驾驶员的驾驶行为进行有效评价,帮助运输企业和行业管理部门及时发现和管控驾驶员的不规范驾驶行为。

The driver management is the foundation and source of road transport safety and energy-saving management. To strengthen the safety and energy-saving management assessment of driver＇s driving behavior and reduce the supervision cost in road transport enterprise, a driver＇s behavior safety and energy-saving evaluation method based on the enterprise safety production management data （mainly satellite positioning data） is worked out. First, according to the driver＇s driving behavior characteristics and the management requirements of the road transport industry, an evaluation index model of driver behavior safety and energy saving is established, 10 second-rank evaluation indexes of driving behavior safety and energy saving are extracted from the satellite positioning data, 17 third-rank evaluation indexes are obtained by subdivision according to number of occurrences and duration time of the second-rank indexes. The identification and calculation methods of the third-rank evaluation indexes are given, and the scoring criterion for every second-rank index are established. Then, by using analytical hierarchy process （AHP） method, the comparison judgment matrix is constructed and the consistency test is carried out, so the corresponding weight of each evaluation index is obtained. Finally, the driver safety assessment, energy-saving evaluation and comprehensive evaluation results of driver＇s driving behavior are obtained by using the weighted average method, and the evaluation and analysis of the driver＇s behavior is finished. Selecting the road transport vehicles which travel in some representative travel routes and time periods as test vehicles, the proposed evaluation method is verified by using the satellite positioning data generated during their normal driving process, and compared with other similar method. The result shows that the method can effectively evaluate the driver＇s driving behavior from the aspects of safety and energy saving, and can help the transport enterprises and industry management departments to discover and control the driver＇s non-standard driving behavior timely.