氧化生物双降解地膜覆盖对玉米田间水热及产量的影响

The Effects of Mulching with Biodegradable Plastic Films on Soil Moisture and Thermodynamics as well as Maize Yield

以东北地区覆膜玉米为试验对象,设置了氧化生物双降解地膜(M1)、普通地膜(M2)及裸地(CK)3种处理的田间试验,研究了氧化生物双降解地膜覆盖对玉米田间土壤温度、贮水量及产量的影响。结果表明,在苗期和拔节期,氧化生物双降解地膜覆盖距地表5、10、15、20和25 cm深度处的土壤温度均明显高于普通地膜和裸地,在抽雄―成熟期,各处理间土壤温度没有明显差异。玉米全生育期内,M1处理土壤贮水量明显高于M2处理,2个处理在整个生育期内变化趋势一致,田间0~60 cm土层土壤贮水量表现为M1处理>M2处理>CK。此外,M1处理下玉米出苗率为99.5%,比M2处理和CK分别高8.5%和16.2%;氧化生物双降解地膜覆盖处理下玉米产量最高,比M2处理和CK分别高出6.8%和35.2%。研究成果可为今后氧化生物双降解地膜替代普通地膜及其推广使用提供科学依据。

Three field experiments were conducted in a rain-fed maize field in northeast China, two of which were mulched by the biodegradable plastic film （M1） and the common plastic film （M2）, and the other one was without mulch （CK）. The results showed that soil temperature at depth of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 cm in M1 was higher than that in M2 and CK during seedling and jointing, while there was no significant difference in soil temperature during tasseling and maturing period among the three treatments. During the whole growth period, the capacity of the soil to store water under biodegradable plastic film was higher than that under the common plastic film. The CK had the poorest soil water storage in the top 60 cm, followed by M2. The emergence rate of maize under M1 reached 99%, higher than those under M2 and CK by 8.5% and 16.2%, respectively. The maize yield was the highest under M1, which was 6.8% and 35.2% higher than that with M2 and CK, respectively. These results provided reference for the future use of biodegradable film in large area to improve maize yield and water use efficiency.