不同地膜覆盖对夏玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响

Effect of Different Film Mulchings on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Summer Maize

为探求玉米地膜覆盖栽培技术中可降解地膜代替普通农用地膜的可行性,解决白色污染问题,本试验通过设置普通白色地膜(M1)、可降解白色地膜(M2)、可降解黑色地膜(M3)以及不覆盖地膜(CK)4种处理,分析比较不同地膜覆盖对夏玉米土壤体积含水率、贮水量、产量、耗水量及水分利用效率(WUE)的影响。结果表明,与不覆盖地膜相比,覆盖地膜能提高夏玉米0~30 cm土层土壤体积含水率和贮水量,2种可降解地膜的保水性无显著差异,但都低于普通白色地膜;覆盖可降解黑色地膜、可降解白色地膜和普通白色地膜后,夏玉米的耗水量分别减少了3.7%、1.0%和1.5%;覆盖可降解黑色地膜使夏玉米籽粒产量显著提高了14.8%,WUE显著提高了15.4%,而覆盖可降解白色地膜与普通白色地膜使夏玉米籽粒产量分别下降了9.5%和19.7%,WUE分别下降了11.5%和19.2%。虽然3种地膜都使0~30 cm土层土壤含水率上升,但是只有覆盖可降解黑色地膜起到增产的作用,因此在地膜覆盖栽培技术中选用地膜时一定要根据具体条件合理的选择和应用。

This paper investigated the feasibility of replacing ordinary plastic film in summer maize cultivation by degradable films in attempts to resolved the ＂white pollution＂ often seen in agricultural production. We examined four mulchings： transparent plastic film （M1）, transparent degradable film （M2）, and black degradable film （M3）, and the control was without mulching （CK）. In each treatment, we measured soil moisture, soil water storage, grain yield, water consumption and water use efficiency （WUE）. The results revealed that the soil moisture and the soil water storage in 0~30 cm of soil improved significantly under mulching, and that there was no significant difference in water retention in soils under mulching with the two degradable films. However, water retention in soil mulched with degradable films is lower than that mulched with the ordinary transparent film. Under mulching with ordinary plastic film and the black and the transparent degraded plastic films the water consumption was reduced by 1.5%, 3.7%, 1.0% respectively, compared with the CK. The grain yield under the black degradable film mulching significantly increased by 14.8% and the water use efficiency by 15.4%. However, the mulching with the transparent degradable film and transparent plastic film led to a decrease in yield by 9.5% and 19.7%, respectively, and the water use efficiency by 11.5% and 19.2%, respectively. This study indicated that all three film mulchings increased the soil moisture in 0~30 cm, but only did the black degradable film mulching increase yield. Thus, film selection in mulching should consider environment and cultivation technology.