破解少数民族地区农村养老服务“供需错位”难题的对策研究

A study of the solutions to the “supply-demand misplacement” of aged-care services in the ethnic minority areas in rural China

在少数民族的养老服务体系建设中,除了需求巨大、总量严重不足的供需矛盾外,还存在严重的"供需错位"的突出问题,并逐步上升成为少数民族农村地区养老服务的主要问题之一。具体表现在政府的投入绝大部分在县、乡(镇)级,对村组(社区)投入少之又少,使巨大的居家养老需求得不到相对应和相适应的供给回应。另外,"重机构、轻居家",养老机构建设迅速但利用率低,公共资源闲置现象严重。破解少数民族地区农村养老服务"供需错位"的难题,需要突破局部思维整体建设农村养老服务网络;借鉴卫生系统的三级服务网络经验建设农村养老三级服务网络;鼓励养老机构为居家和社区养老提供医养结合服务,开展慢病预防、失能康复的一般性家庭照料知识与技能培训;以农村幸福院建设为契机编织少数民族地区基层养老服务网底。

The existingaged-care service system for the ethnic minorities of China faces the shortage of supply for the demand as well as a serious supply-demand misplacement. This misplacement finds expression in the following aspects： most government investment in aged care focuses on the county and township institutions and very little in village or community institutions,which leads to a scarce family aged care; the quick construction of aged care institutions have not resulted in good efficiency,a waste of public resources. The solutions include the following： there should be an overall plan for the construction of an all-inclusive aged-care service network; it is necessary to construct a three-level service network like the medical service system; it is a must to encourage theaged-care institutions to provide integrated services for both home-based care and community-based care; it is necessary to provide general family-care skills like the prevention of chronic diseases and rehabilitation training,and quicken the construction of rural aged-care institutions in the ethnic minority areas.