职业女性孤独感的相关因素研究

Research on the related factors of loneliness of professional women

目的调查职业女性孤独感的现状并探讨其危险因素,为进一步制订有效的干预措施提供可靠依据。方法2015年1~4月选取淮安市妇联直属的10家单位中427名职业女性,采用UCLA孤独量表、生活事件量表(LES)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、简明幸福与生活质量满意度问卷(Q-LES-Q-SF)进行调查。对所得数据应用单因素分析和多因素分析法进行分析。结果调查对象中孤独感不明显者50名(11.7%),其他均具有不同程度的孤独感。将调查对象根据UCLA孤独量表结果分为低孤独感组(≤32分)和高孤独感组(≥33分),两组在婚姻、应对方式、社会支持和生活质量满意度方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistics回归分析提示,无配偶(OR=2.406,95%CI:1.123~5.516,P<0.05)和消极应对(OR=1.279,95%CI:1.202~1.361,P<0.05)是孤独感的危险因素,而客观支持(OR=0.837,95%CI:0.739~0.949,P<0.05)、主观支持(OR=0.822,95%CI:0.761~0.888,P<0.05)以及生活质量满意度(OR=0.908,95%CI:0.876~0.940,P<0.05)是孤独感的保护因素。结论职业女性中孤独感发生率较高,无配偶、社会支持差、应对方式不良的职业女性具有中等或以上程度孤独感的风险更高。

Objective To investigate the status of loneliness of professional women and discuss its risk factors, in order to formulate further effective of intervening measures for provide the reliable evidence. Methods From January to April in 2015, 427 professional women were selected from 10 institutes directly under Huai＇an Women＇s Federation, and they were adopted with UCLA loneliness scale and life event scale （LES）, simplified coping style questionnaire （SCSQ）, social support rating scale （SSRS）, quality of life enjoyment and satisfaction questionnaire （Q-LES-Q-SF）. Results Among respondents, there were 50 casess with unapparent loneliness, accounted for 11.7%, others had varying degree of loneliness. According to the results of the UCLA loneliness scale, the respondents were divided into low loneliness group （≤ 32 scores） and high loneliness group （t〉 33 scores）. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant in terms of marriage, coping style, social support and quality of life satisfaction （P 〈 0.05）. Logistics regression analysis results manifested that no spouse （OR=2.406, 95%CI： 1.123-5.516） and negative coping （OR=1.279, 95%C/： 1.202- 1.361） were risk factors of loneliness, while objective support （OR=0.837, 95%CI： 0.739-0.949）, subjective support （OR= 0.822, 95%CI： 0.761-0.888） and life quality satisfaction degree （OR=0.908, 95%CI： 0.876-0.940） were protective factors of loneliness. Conclusion There is a higher incidence of loneliness among professional women, professional women with no spouses, poor social support, and poor coping styles have a higher risk of having a moderate or higher degree of loneliness.